Engineering & Materials Science
Fibers
100%
Wavelength division multiplexing
87%
Optical phase conjugation
70%
Wavelength
57%
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
56%
Electroabsorption modulators
51%
Dispersion compensation
49%
Polarization
45%
Compensation and Redress
45%
Regenerators
38%
Amplification
34%
Solitons
32%
Multiplexing
32%
Four wave mixing
32%
Demonstrations
31%
Modulation
29%
Modulators
28%
Demultiplexing
27%
Semiconductor optical amplifiers
26%
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers
26%
Optical fibers
25%
Quadrature phase shift keying
24%
Light amplifiers
23%
Light transmission
23%
Quadrature amplitude modulation
22%
Semiconductor lasers
21%
Clocks
20%
Optical communication
20%
Recovery
19%
Phase noise
19%
Chromatic dispersion
19%
Single mode fibers
19%
Time division multiplexing
19%
Data streams
18%
Fiber optic networks
18%
Backpropagation
18%
Optical frequency conversion
17%
Lasers
17%
Transmitters
17%
Pumps
17%
Erbium
16%
Equalizers
16%
Laser pulses
15%
Optical switches
15%
Amplitude shift keying
14%
Bit error rate
13%
Laser tuning
12%
Phase modulation
12%
Mirrors
11%
Distributed feedback lasers
11%
Physics & Astronomy
fibers
43%
multiplexing
31%
performance
30%
regeneration
28%
nonlinearity
28%
phase conjugation
27%
quadrature amplitude modulation
27%
receivers
22%
division
21%
penalties
21%
amplifiers
20%
optical communication
20%
frequency division multiplexing
20%
quadrature phase shift keying
18%
regenerators
18%
polarization
17%
wavelengths
17%
signal processing
16%
modulators
15%
transmitters
14%
recovery
14%
format
14%
clocks
13%
impairment
13%
transponders
12%
modulation
12%
light amplifiers
11%
wavelength division multiplexing
11%
four-wave mixing
10%
binary phase shift keying
10%
bit error rate
10%
telecommunication
10%
optical fibers
10%
demultiplexing
10%
transmitter receivers
9%
free-space optical communication
9%
spacing
9%
pumps
8%
Q factors
8%
lasers
8%
phase modulation
8%
photonics
7%
augmentation
7%
electronics
7%
synchronism
7%
costs
7%
coherent radiation
7%
retarding
6%