Engineering & Materials Science
Amplification
99%
Bandwidth
17%
Bismuth
21%
Broadband networks
13%
Clocks
46%
Compensation and Redress
12%
Data streams
17%
Demonstrations
20%
Demultiplexing
35%
Dispersion compensation
9%
Distributed feedback lasers
10%
Electroabsorption modulators
46%
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers
40%
Feedback
11%
Fiber amplifiers
25%
Fiber lasers
42%
Fiber optic networks
27%
Fiber optics
10%
Fibers
55%
Interferometers
29%
Light amplifiers
11%
Mirrors
10%
Modulation
17%
Modulators
10%
Multiplexing
10%
Noise figure
16%
Nonlinear optics
9%
Optical fibers
10%
Optical frequency conversion
17%
Optical parametric amplifiers
20%
Optical phase conjugation
46%
Optical signal processing
16%
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
23%
Phase locked loops
19%
Phase noise
11%
Polarization
48%
Pumps
25%
Quadrature amplitude modulation
24%
Quadrature phase shift keying
87%
Recovery
39%
Regenerators
40%
Semiconductor optical amplifiers
45%
Single mode fibers
10%
Time division multiplexing
13%
Timing jitter
15%
Transceivers
9%
Transmitters
13%
Ultra-wideband (UWB)
17%
Wavelength
19%
Wavelength division multiplexing
64%
Physics & Astronomy
amplifiers
100%
bandwidth
22%
bismuth
30%
broadband
35%
C band
26%
characterization
8%
clocks
31%
coherent radiation
38%
configurations
17%
constellations
7%
decoding
10%
demultiplexing
21%
feedback circuits
7%
fiber lasers
12%
fiber optics
9%
fibers
53%
high speed
7%
impairment
11%
interference
9%
light amplifiers
26%
mirrors
7%
modulators
13%
multiplexing
7%
noise intensity
13%
nonlinearity
14%
optimization
6%
parametric amplifiers
16%
penalties
57%
performance
39%
phase conjugation
14%
polarization
13%
pulse duration modulation
6%
pumping
22%
pumps
17%
Q factors
7%
quadrature amplitude modulation
35%
quadrature phase shift keying
68%
Raman lasers
18%
recovery
30%
reflectance
7%
regeneration
20%
regenerators
20%
S band
13%
signal distortion
7%
signal processing
9%
signal transmission
7%
synthesis
7%
time division multiplexing
10%
ultrahigh frequencies
46%