Engineering & Materials Science
Amplification
100%
Optical phase conjugation
82%
Quadrature phase shift keying
45%
Fiber lasers
40%
Pumps
37%
Fibers
35%
Wavelength division multiplexing
29%
Compensation and Redress
27%
Optical communication
19%
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers
14%
Distributed feedback lasers
13%
Noise figure
13%
Light amplifiers
12%
Phase noise
12%
Bandwidth
11%
Optical fiber communication
11%
Quadrature amplitude modulation
10%
Erbium
9%
Communication systems
9%
Fiber amplifiers
8%
Bismuth
8%
Fiber Bragg gratings
7%
Wavelength
7%
Semiconductor lasers
7%
Polarization
7%
Single mode fibers
7%
Lasers
6%
Pumping (laser)
6%
Signal distortion
6%
Modulation
6%
Optical links
6%
Ultra-wideband (UWB)
5%
Telecommunication links
5%
Backpropagation
5%
Signal to noise ratio
5%
Physics & Astronomy
amplifiers
42%
quadrature phase shift keying
36%
phase conjugation
30%
fibers
26%
broadband
25%
penalties
20%
performance
19%
coherent radiation
19%
pumps
18%
Raman lasers
16%
ultrahigh frequencies
15%
pumping
14%
nonlinearity
14%
fiber lasers
13%
bandwidth
12%
C band
11%
quadrature amplitude modulation
10%
optimization
9%
bismuth
9%
aeroservoelasticity
9%
noise intensity
8%
asymmetry
6%
light amplifiers
6%
polarization
6%
optical communication
6%
modulation
5%
telecommunication
5%
impairment
5%
augmentation
5%
S band
5%
Chemistry
Optical Phase Conjugation
64%
Fiber
35%
Pump
29%
Optical Communication
11%
Reflectivity
9%
Communication
7%
Simulation
6%
Wavelength
6%
Asymmetry
6%
Optical Transmission
6%