Antiprothrombin antibodies induce platelet activation: A possible explanation for anti-FXa therapy failure in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome?

Walid Chayoua, Phillip L R Nicolson, Joost C M Meijers, Caroline Kardeby, Lourdes Garcia-Quintanilla, Katrien M J Devreese, Bas de Laat, Stephen P Watson, Philip G de Groot

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Arterial and venous thrombosis are both common in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Recent studies have shown that anti-factor Xa (FXa) therapy in APS patients leads to a greater number of patients with arterial thrombosis than with warfarin. We hypothesize that this may be due to the lowering of prothrombin levels by warfarin.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether antiprothrombin antibodies induce platelet aggregation and to identify the platelet receptors involved. A second aim was to investigate the effect of reduced prothrombin levels on antiprothrombin antibody-induced platelet aggregation.

METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to measure binding of antiprothrombin antibodies to prothrombin fragment 1+2 and prothrombin. Platelet aggregation assays in washed platelets were performed. FcγRIIA was immunoprecipitated and tyrosine-phosphorylated FcγRIIA was measured by western blot.

RESULTS: The antiprothrombin antibodies 28F4 and 3B1 had lupus anticoagulant (LAC) activity and caused platelet aggregation in the presence of Ca2+ and prothrombin. Antiprothrombin antibodies without LAC activity did not activate platelets. Inhibition of Syk and Src kinases and FcγRIIA blocked platelet aggregation. Fab and F(ab')2 fragments of 28F4 were unable to induce platelet aggregation. Immunoprecipitations showed that whole 28F4 immunoglobulin G induced tyrosine phosphorylation of FcγRIIA. Platelet aggregation was significantly reduced when prothrombin levels were reduced from 1 µM to 0.2 µM.

CONCLUSIONS: Antiprothrombin antibodies with LAC activity are able to activate platelets via FcγRIIA. Decreased prothrombin levels resulted in less antiprothrombin antibody-mediated platelet aggregation. This may explain the lower incidence of arterial thrombosis in patients treated with warfarin than with anti-FXa therapy.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1776-1782
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
Volume19
Issue number7
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2021

Bibliographical note

© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial- NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non- commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Keywords

  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome/drug therapy
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor
  • Platelet Activation
  • Prothrombin
  • Thrombosis/drug therapy

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