Association between sleep duration and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study

Esraa A. Makhdom; Alisha Maher; Ryan Ottridge; Mathew Nicholls; Asad Ali; Brendan G. Cooper; Ramzi A. Ajjan; Srikanth Bellary; Wasim Hanif; Fahmy Hanna; David Hughes; Vijay Jayagopal; Rajni Mahto; Mayank Patel; James Young; Ananth U. Nayak; Mimi Z. Chen; Julie Kyaw‐Tun; Susana Gonzalez; Ravikanth Gouni; Anuradhaa Subramanian; Nicola J. Adderley; Abd A. Tahrani

doi:10.1111/dme.70051

Association between sleep duration and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study

Esraa A. Makhdom^*
, Alisha Maher
, Ryan Ottridge
, Mathew Nicholls
, Asad Ali
, Brendan G. Cooper
, Ramzi A. Ajjan
, Srikanth Bellary
, Wasim Hanif
, Fahmy Hanna
, David Hughes
, Vijay Jayagopal
, Rajni Mahto
, Mayank Patel
, James Young
, Ananth U. Nayak
, Mimi Z. Chen
, Julie Kyaw‐Tun
, Susana Gonzalez
, Ravikanth Gouni

Anuradhaa Subramanian, Nicola J. Adderley, Abd A. Tahrani

^*Corresponding author for this work

College of Health and Life Sciences

Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK
University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust
York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust
Aston University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

26 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Background: Obesity is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and negatively impacts diabetes outcomes. While studies in the general population have established a link between sleep duration and obesity, this relationship in T2D remains unclear.

Objectives: To assess the association between sleep duration and adiposity in patients with T2D.

Methods: This prospective study of adults enrolled in the SLEEP T2D study from 13 UK NHS Trusts. Sleep duration was self‐reported using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and categorized as short (≤ 6 h/ night), long (> 9 h/night) or (normal > 6‐9 h/night). Adiposity was assessed using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference.

Results: Among 229 patients (61% male, mean age 61.2 ( ± $$ \pm $$ 11.7) years, 63.7% with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). At baseline, sleep duration negatively correlated with BMI (r = −0.27, p < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = −0.25, p = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders in different models, short sleep duration was associated with higher BMI (β = −1.01; p = 0.006) and waist circumference (β = −1.91; p = 0.01). Following a median follow‐up of 26.5 months, short sleep at baseline was associated with a 5% or more gain in BMI (adjusted OR 10.03; 95% CI 1.55–64.84; p = 0.01).

Conclusion: Short sleep duration is associated with higher adiposity measures (BMI and waist circumference) and weight gain in patients with T2D. Addressing sleep duration may reduce the burden of obesity in T2D, and future studies in this area are warranted.

Original language	English
Article number	e70051
Number of pages	11
Journal	Diabetic Medicine
Volume	42
Issue number	6
Early online date	17 Apr 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70051
Publication status	Published - Jun 2025

Bibliographical note

Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UK. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Funding

This project was funded as part of National Institue for Health Research (NIHR), Clinician Scientist Award (CS-2013-13-029).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

sleep duration
body mass index
waist circumference
type 2 diabetes

Access to Document

10.1111/dme.70051Licence: CC BY 4.0

Diabetic Medicine - 2025 - Makhdom - Association between sleep duration and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes A
Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UK. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Final published version, 300 KBLicence: CC BY 4.0

Cite this

Makhdom, E. A., Maher, A., Ottridge, R., Nicholls, M., Ali, A., Cooper, B. G., Ajjan, R. A., Bellary, S., Hanif, W., Hanna, F., Hughes, D., Jayagopal, V., Mahto, R., Patel, M., Young, J., Nayak, A. U., Chen, M. Z., Kyaw‐Tun, J., Gonzalez, S., ... Tahrani, A. A. (2025). Association between sleep duration and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study. Diabetic Medicine, 42(6), Article e70051. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70051

@article{cfda3c563464495e88cbebf9e6899010,

title = "Association between sleep duration and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study",

abstract = "Background: Obesity is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and negatively impacts diabetes outcomes. While studies in the general population have established a link between sleep duration and obesity, this relationship in T2D remains unclear. Objectives: To assess the association between sleep duration and adiposity in patients with T2D. Methods: This prospective study of adults enrolled in the SLEEP T2D study from 13 UK NHS Trusts. Sleep duration was self‐reported using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and categorized as short (≤ 6 h/ night), long (> 9 h/night) or (normal > 6‐9 h/night). Adiposity was assessed using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Results: Among 229 patients (61\% male, mean age 61.2 ( ± \$\$ \textbackslash{}pm \$\$ 11.7) years, 63.7\% with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). At baseline, sleep duration negatively correlated with BMI (r = −0.27, p < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = −0.25, p = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders in different models, short sleep duration was associated with higher BMI (β = −1.01; p = 0.006) and waist circumference (β = −1.91; p = 0.01). Following a median follow‐up of 26.5 months, short sleep at baseline was associated with a 5\% or more gain in BMI (adjusted OR 10.03; 95\% CI 1.55–64.84; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Short sleep duration is associated with higher adiposity measures (BMI and waist circumference) and weight gain in patients with T2D. Addressing sleep duration may reduce the burden of obesity in T2D, and future studies in this area are warranted.",

keywords = "sleep duration, body mass index, waist circumference, type 2 diabetes",

author = "Makhdom, \{Esraa A.\} and Alisha Maher and Ryan Ottridge and Mathew Nicholls and Asad Ali and Cooper, \{Brendan G.\} and Ajjan, \{Ramzi A.\} and Srikanth Bellary and Wasim Hanif and Fahmy Hanna and David Hughes and Vijay Jayagopal and Rajni Mahto and Mayank Patel and James Young and Nayak, \{Ananth U.\} and Chen, \{Mimi Z.\} and Julie Kyaw‐Tun and Susana Gonzalez and Ravikanth Gouni and Anuradhaa Subramanian and Adderley, \{Nicola J.\} and Tahrani, \{Abd A.\}",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UK. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.",

year = "2025",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1111/dme.70051",

language = "English",

volume = "42",

journal = "Diabetic Medicine",

issn = "0742-3071",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "6",

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Makhdom, EA, Maher, A, Ottridge, R, Nicholls, M, Ali, A, Cooper, BG, Ajjan, RA, Bellary, S, Hanif, W, Hanna, F, Hughes, D, Jayagopal, V, Mahto, R, Patel, M, Young, J, Nayak, AU, Chen, MZ, Kyaw‐Tun, J, Gonzalez, S, Gouni, R, Subramanian, A, Adderley, NJ & Tahrani, AA 2025, 'Association between sleep duration and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study', Diabetic Medicine, vol. 42, no. 6, e70051. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70051

TY - JOUR

T1 - Association between sleep duration and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study

AU - Makhdom, Esraa A.

AU - Maher, Alisha

AU - Ottridge, Ryan

AU - Nicholls, Mathew

AU - Ali, Asad

AU - Cooper, Brendan G.

AU - Ajjan, Ramzi A.

AU - Bellary, Srikanth

AU - Hanif, Wasim

AU - Hanna, Fahmy

AU - Hughes, David

AU - Jayagopal, Vijay

AU - Mahto, Rajni

AU - Patel, Mayank

AU - Young, James

AU - Nayak, Ananth U.

AU - Chen, Mimi Z.

AU - Kyaw‐Tun, Julie

AU - Gonzalez, Susana

AU - Gouni, Ravikanth

AU - Subramanian, Anuradhaa

AU - Adderley, Nicola J.

AU - Tahrani, Abd A.

N1 - Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UK. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PY - 2025/6

Y1 - 2025/6

N2 - Background: Obesity is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and negatively impacts diabetes outcomes. While studies in the general population have established a link between sleep duration and obesity, this relationship in T2D remains unclear. Objectives: To assess the association between sleep duration and adiposity in patients with T2D. Methods: This prospective study of adults enrolled in the SLEEP T2D study from 13 UK NHS Trusts. Sleep duration was self‐reported using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and categorized as short (≤ 6 h/ night), long (> 9 h/night) or (normal > 6‐9 h/night). Adiposity was assessed using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Results: Among 229 patients (61% male, mean age 61.2 ( ± $$ \pm $$ 11.7) years, 63.7% with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). At baseline, sleep duration negatively correlated with BMI (r = −0.27, p < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = −0.25, p = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders in different models, short sleep duration was associated with higher BMI (β = −1.01; p = 0.006) and waist circumference (β = −1.91; p = 0.01). Following a median follow‐up of 26.5 months, short sleep at baseline was associated with a 5% or more gain in BMI (adjusted OR 10.03; 95% CI 1.55–64.84; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Short sleep duration is associated with higher adiposity measures (BMI and waist circumference) and weight gain in patients with T2D. Addressing sleep duration may reduce the burden of obesity in T2D, and future studies in this area are warranted.

AB - Background: Obesity is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and negatively impacts diabetes outcomes. While studies in the general population have established a link between sleep duration and obesity, this relationship in T2D remains unclear. Objectives: To assess the association between sleep duration and adiposity in patients with T2D. Methods: This prospective study of adults enrolled in the SLEEP T2D study from 13 UK NHS Trusts. Sleep duration was self‐reported using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and categorized as short (≤ 6 h/ night), long (> 9 h/night) or (normal > 6‐9 h/night). Adiposity was assessed using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Results: Among 229 patients (61% male, mean age 61.2 ( ± $$ \pm $$ 11.7) years, 63.7% with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). At baseline, sleep duration negatively correlated with BMI (r = −0.27, p < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = −0.25, p = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders in different models, short sleep duration was associated with higher BMI (β = −1.01; p = 0.006) and waist circumference (β = −1.91; p = 0.01). Following a median follow‐up of 26.5 months, short sleep at baseline was associated with a 5% or more gain in BMI (adjusted OR 10.03; 95% CI 1.55–64.84; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Short sleep duration is associated with higher adiposity measures (BMI and waist circumference) and weight gain in patients with T2D. Addressing sleep duration may reduce the burden of obesity in T2D, and future studies in this area are warranted.

KW - sleep duration

KW - body mass index

KW - waist circumference

KW - type 2 diabetes

UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dme.70051

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105005201988

U2 - 10.1111/dme.70051

DO - 10.1111/dme.70051

M3 - Article

C2 - 40247658

SN - 0742-3071

VL - 42

JO - Diabetic Medicine

JF - Diabetic Medicine

IS - 6

M1 - e70051

ER -

Association between sleep duration and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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