TY - JOUR
T1 - Brewers' spent grains: Drying kinetics and biodiesel production
AU - Mallen, Elliot
AU - Najdanovic-Visak, Vesna
N1 - © 2018, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
PY - 2018/3/1
Y1 - 2018/3/1
N2 - Enormous amounts of brewers' spent grains (BSGs) per year are generated to produce bear worldwide. BSGs can be used as a carbon source, biofuel to generate energy and as a source of biogas. Typically, BSGs contain >60 mass% of water and, therefore, drying kinetics is a paramount for the development of any of these valorisation processes.
In this work, we reveal the main parameters and mechanism of drying kinetics of BSGs at isothermal conditions (60 °C–90 °C), measured by thermogravimetric analysis. Diffusion coefficients ranged from 1.42 × 10−9 m2 s−1 to 2.67 × 10−9 m2 s−1 while the activation energy was 26.6 kJ mol−1.
Furthermore, for the first time, biodiesel production from BSGs is reported. We employed acid catalysed in situ transesterification process, at different catalyst concentrations, methanol to BSGs ratios, reaction time and temperature.
The outcomes of our study show promise for alternative valorisation of brewers' spent grains, an abundant waste spread around the world.
AB - Enormous amounts of brewers' spent grains (BSGs) per year are generated to produce bear worldwide. BSGs can be used as a carbon source, biofuel to generate energy and as a source of biogas. Typically, BSGs contain >60 mass% of water and, therefore, drying kinetics is a paramount for the development of any of these valorisation processes.
In this work, we reveal the main parameters and mechanism of drying kinetics of BSGs at isothermal conditions (60 °C–90 °C), measured by thermogravimetric analysis. Diffusion coefficients ranged from 1.42 × 10−9 m2 s−1 to 2.67 × 10−9 m2 s−1 while the activation energy was 26.6 kJ mol−1.
Furthermore, for the first time, biodiesel production from BSGs is reported. We employed acid catalysed in situ transesterification process, at different catalyst concentrations, methanol to BSGs ratios, reaction time and temperature.
The outcomes of our study show promise for alternative valorisation of brewers' spent grains, an abundant waste spread around the world.
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589014X18300057?via%3Dihub
U2 - 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.01.005
DO - 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.01.005
M3 - Article
VL - 1
SP - 16
EP - 23
JO - Bioresource Technology Reports
JF - Bioresource Technology Reports
ER -