Conical refraction of a high-M2 laser beam

Grigorii S. Sokolovskii; V.Yu Mylnikov; Sergey N. Losev; Ksenia A. Fedorova; Edik U. Rafailov

doi:10.1117/12.2252461

Conical refraction of a high-M² laser beam

Grigorii S. Sokolovskii, V.Yu Mylnikov, Sergey N. Losev, Ksenia A. Fedorova, Edik U. Rafailov

Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies (AiPT)

Research output: Chapter in Book/Published conference output › Conference publication

Abstract

We report on experiments with conical refraction of laser beams possessing a high beam propagation parameter M². With beam propagation parameter values M²=3 and M²=5, unusual Lloyd's distributions with correspondingly three and five dark rings were observed. In order to explain this phenomenon, we extend the dual-cone model of the conical refraction that describes it as a product of interference of two cones that converge and diverge behind the exit facet of the crystal. In the extended model, these converging/diverging cones are represented as the cone-shaped quasi-Gaussian beams possessing the M² parameter of an original beam. In this formalism, a beam-waist of these cone-shaped beams is proportional to the M² value and defines the area of their interference which is a width of the Lloyd's ring. Therefore, the number of dark rings in the Lloyd distribution is defined by the M² value and can be much greater than unity. The results of the numerical simulations within the extended dual-cone model are in excellent agreement with the experiment.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX 2017
Editors	Alexis V. Kudryashov, Alan H. Paxton, Vladimir S. Ilchenko
Place of Publication	Bellingham, WA (US)
Publisher	SPIE
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	978-1-5106-0621-0
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252461
Publication status	Published - 20 Feb 2017
Event	Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX 2017 - San Francisco, United States Duration: 30 Jan 2017 → 2 Feb 2017

Publication series

Name	SPIE Proceedings
Publisher	SPIE
Volume	10090
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	2410-9045

Conference

Conference	Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX 2017
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Francisco
Period	30/01/17 → 2/02/17

Bibliographical note

G. S. Sokolovskii; V. Yu. Mylnikov; S. N. Losev; K. A. Fedorova and E. U. Rafailov "Conical refraction of a high-M2 laser beam", Proc. SPIE 10090, Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX, 100901R (February 20, 2017).

Copyright 2017. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic electronic or print reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2252461

Keywords

birefringence
conical refraction
crystal optics
Gaussian beams
geometric optics
laser diodes

Access to Document

10.1117/12.2252461

Conical refraction of a high-M2 laser beam
G. S. Sokolovskii; V. Yu. Mylnikov; S. N. Losev; K. A. Fedorova and E. U. Rafailov "Conical refraction of a high-M2 laser beam", Proc. SPIE 10090, Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX, 100901R (February 20, 2017). Copyright 2017. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic electronic or print reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2252461
Final published version, 525 KB

Cite this

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title = "Conical refraction of a high-M2 laser beam",

abstract = "We report on experiments with conical refraction of laser beams possessing a high beam propagation parameter M2. With beam propagation parameter values M2=3 and M2=5, unusual Lloyd's distributions with correspondingly three and five dark rings were observed. In order to explain this phenomenon, we extend the dual-cone model of the conical refraction that describes it as a product of interference of two cones that converge and diverge behind the exit facet of the crystal. In the extended model, these converging/diverging cones are represented as the cone-shaped quasi-Gaussian beams possessing the M2 parameter of an original beam. In this formalism, a beam-waist of these cone-shaped beams is proportional to the M2 value and defines the area of their interference which is a width of the Lloyd's ring. Therefore, the number of dark rings in the Lloyd distribution is defined by the M2 value and can be much greater than unity. The results of the numerical simulations within the extended dual-cone model are in excellent agreement with the experiment.",

keywords = "birefringence, conical refraction, crystal optics, Gaussian beams, geometric optics, laser diodes",

author = "Sokolovskii, {Grigorii S.} and V.Yu Mylnikov and Losev, {Sergey N.} and Fedorova, {Ksenia A.} and Rafailov, {Edik U.}",

note = "G. S. Sokolovskii; V. Yu. Mylnikov; S. N. Losev; K. A. Fedorova and E. U. Rafailov {"}Conical refraction of a high-M2 laser beam{"}, Proc. SPIE 10090, Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX, 100901R (February 20, 2017). Copyright 2017. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic electronic or print reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2252461 ; Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX 2017 ; Conference date: 30-01-2017 Through 02-02-2017",

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Sokolovskii, GS, Mylnikov, VY, Losev, SN, Fedorova, KA & Rafailov, EU 2017, Conical refraction of a high-M² laser beam. in AV Kudryashov, AH Paxton & VS Ilchenko (eds), Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX 2017., 100901R, SPIE Proceedings, vol. 10090, SPIE, Bellingham, WA (US), Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX 2017, San Francisco, United States, 30/01/17. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252461

Conical refraction of a high-M² laser beam. / Sokolovskii, Grigorii S.; Mylnikov, V.Yu; Losev, Sergey N. et al.
Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX 2017. ed. / Alexis V. Kudryashov; Alan H. Paxton; Vladimir S. Ilchenko. Bellingham, WA (US): SPIE, 2017. 100901R (SPIE Proceedings; Vol. 10090).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Published conference output › Conference publication

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T1 - Conical refraction of a high-M2 laser beam

AU - Sokolovskii, Grigorii S.

AU - Mylnikov, V.Yu

AU - Losev, Sergey N.

AU - Fedorova, Ksenia A.

AU - Rafailov, Edik U.

N1 - G. S. Sokolovskii; V. Yu. Mylnikov; S. N. Losev; K. A. Fedorova and E. U. Rafailov "Conical refraction of a high-M2 laser beam", Proc. SPIE 10090, Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX, 100901R (February 20, 2017). Copyright 2017. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic electronic or print reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2252461

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N2 - We report on experiments with conical refraction of laser beams possessing a high beam propagation parameter M2. With beam propagation parameter values M2=3 and M2=5, unusual Lloyd's distributions with correspondingly three and five dark rings were observed. In order to explain this phenomenon, we extend the dual-cone model of the conical refraction that describes it as a product of interference of two cones that converge and diverge behind the exit facet of the crystal. In the extended model, these converging/diverging cones are represented as the cone-shaped quasi-Gaussian beams possessing the M2 parameter of an original beam. In this formalism, a beam-waist of these cone-shaped beams is proportional to the M2 value and defines the area of their interference which is a width of the Lloyd's ring. Therefore, the number of dark rings in the Lloyd distribution is defined by the M2 value and can be much greater than unity. The results of the numerical simulations within the extended dual-cone model are in excellent agreement with the experiment.

AB - We report on experiments with conical refraction of laser beams possessing a high beam propagation parameter M2. With beam propagation parameter values M2=3 and M2=5, unusual Lloyd's distributions with correspondingly three and five dark rings were observed. In order to explain this phenomenon, we extend the dual-cone model of the conical refraction that describes it as a product of interference of two cones that converge and diverge behind the exit facet of the crystal. In the extended model, these converging/diverging cones are represented as the cone-shaped quasi-Gaussian beams possessing the M2 parameter of an original beam. In this formalism, a beam-waist of these cone-shaped beams is proportional to the M2 value and defines the area of their interference which is a width of the Lloyd's ring. Therefore, the number of dark rings in the Lloyd distribution is defined by the M2 value and can be much greater than unity. The results of the numerical simulations within the extended dual-cone model are in excellent agreement with the experiment.

KW - birefringence

KW - conical refraction

KW - crystal optics

KW - Gaussian beams

KW - geometric optics

KW - laser diodes

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