Design, instrumentation, and operation of a standard downdraft, laboratory-scale gasification testbed utilising novel seed-propagated hybrid Miscanthus pellets

Biomass gasification remains an attractive option to impact climate chaos; however, the technology presents challenges in tolerance to feedstock variability and tar production, which can limit the overall process efficiency, gasifier performance, durability and downstream syngas utilisation. The primary objectives of this study were to compare two gasifier design approaches using different reaction kinetics, based on multiple or singular oxidation and gasification reactions, and build and test a novel, flexible, laboratory-scale downdraft gasifier to convert pellets from UK hybrid Miscanthus into syngas, whilst deploying inexpensive instrumentation methods. The experimental gasification parameters studied were carbon conversion efficiency, gas yield, cold gas efficiency and gas heating values. The performance study shows that the system achieved good average temperature (842–866 °C) in the reduction zones for equivalence ratios between 0.25 and 0.35. The optimum values for carbon conversion efficiency, cold gas efficiency, heating values (HHV) of product gas and gas yield were 74%, 32%, 4.17 MJ/m³ and 1.32 m³/kg_(biomass), respectively. The reported performance parameters for the new seed-propagated hybrid Miscanthus in the present study were comparable to those from conventional Miscanthus pellet gasification in downdraft gasifiers but these new hybrid varieties offer advantages in productivity over broader climatic regions compared to conventional varieties.