Abstract
BACKGROUND: Visual acuity is known to be poorer in children with Down's syndrome than in age-matched controls. However, to date, clinicians do not have access to norms for children with Down's syndrome that allow differential discrimination of healthy from anomalous visual development in this population.
METHODS: The Down's Syndrome Vision Research Unit at Cardiff University has been monitoring visual development in a large cohort of children since 1992. Cross-sectional data on binocular visual acuity were retrospectively analysed for 159 children up to 12 years of age in order to establish binocular acuity norms. Longitudinal binocular acuity data were available for nine children who were seen regularly over the 12 years age-range. Monocular acuity was successfully recorded less often in the cohort, but analysis of scores for 69 children allowed assessment of inter-ocular acuity differences and binocular summation.
RESULTS: In comparison with published norms for the various acuity tests used, binocular acuity was consistently poorer in children with Down's syndrome from the age of three years and stabilised at around 0.25 logMAR from the age of four years. Inter-ocular acuity difference and binocular summation were both 0.06 logMAR, which is similar to the reported values in children without Down's syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS: The study provides eye-care practitioners with the expected values for binocular acuity in children with Down's syndrome and demonstrates the visual disadvantage that children with Down's syndrome have when compared with their typically developing peers. The results emphasise the responsibility that practitioners have to notify parents and educators of the relatively poor vision of children with Down's syndrome, and the need for classroom modifications.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 535-540 |
Journal | Clinical and Experimental Optometry |
Volume | 101 |
Issue number | 4 |
Early online date | 30 Mar 2018 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jul 2018 |
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Bibliographical note
Copyright © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Different visual development: norms for visual acuity in children with Down's syndromeZahidi, A. A., Vinuela-Navarro, V. & Woodhouse, J. M. 30 Mar 2018 In : Clinical and Experimental Optometry., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12684. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
Keywords
- acuity
- Down's syndrome
- norms
- vision
Cite this
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Different visual development : norms for visual acuity in children with Down's syndrome. / Zahidi, Asma Aa; Vinuela-Navarro, Valldeflors; Woodhouse, J Margaret.
In: Clinical and Experimental Optometry, Vol. 101, No. 4, 01.07.2018, p. 535-540.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Different visual development
T2 - norms for visual acuity in children with Down's syndrome
AU - Zahidi, Asma Aa
AU - Vinuela-Navarro, Valldeflors
AU - Woodhouse, J Margaret
N1 - Copyright © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Different visual development: norms for visual acuity in children with Down's syndrome Zahidi, A. A., Vinuela-Navarro, V. & Woodhouse, J. M. 30 Mar 2018 In : Clinical and Experimental Optometry., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12684. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
PY - 2018/7/1
Y1 - 2018/7/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Visual acuity is known to be poorer in children with Down's syndrome than in age-matched controls. However, to date, clinicians do not have access to norms for children with Down's syndrome that allow differential discrimination of healthy from anomalous visual development in this population.METHODS: The Down's Syndrome Vision Research Unit at Cardiff University has been monitoring visual development in a large cohort of children since 1992. Cross-sectional data on binocular visual acuity were retrospectively analysed for 159 children up to 12 years of age in order to establish binocular acuity norms. Longitudinal binocular acuity data were available for nine children who were seen regularly over the 12 years age-range. Monocular acuity was successfully recorded less often in the cohort, but analysis of scores for 69 children allowed assessment of inter-ocular acuity differences and binocular summation.RESULTS: In comparison with published norms for the various acuity tests used, binocular acuity was consistently poorer in children with Down's syndrome from the age of three years and stabilised at around 0.25 logMAR from the age of four years. Inter-ocular acuity difference and binocular summation were both 0.06 logMAR, which is similar to the reported values in children without Down's syndrome.CONCLUSIONS: The study provides eye-care practitioners with the expected values for binocular acuity in children with Down's syndrome and demonstrates the visual disadvantage that children with Down's syndrome have when compared with their typically developing peers. The results emphasise the responsibility that practitioners have to notify parents and educators of the relatively poor vision of children with Down's syndrome, and the need for classroom modifications.
AB - BACKGROUND: Visual acuity is known to be poorer in children with Down's syndrome than in age-matched controls. However, to date, clinicians do not have access to norms for children with Down's syndrome that allow differential discrimination of healthy from anomalous visual development in this population.METHODS: The Down's Syndrome Vision Research Unit at Cardiff University has been monitoring visual development in a large cohort of children since 1992. Cross-sectional data on binocular visual acuity were retrospectively analysed for 159 children up to 12 years of age in order to establish binocular acuity norms. Longitudinal binocular acuity data were available for nine children who were seen regularly over the 12 years age-range. Monocular acuity was successfully recorded less often in the cohort, but analysis of scores for 69 children allowed assessment of inter-ocular acuity differences and binocular summation.RESULTS: In comparison with published norms for the various acuity tests used, binocular acuity was consistently poorer in children with Down's syndrome from the age of three years and stabilised at around 0.25 logMAR from the age of four years. Inter-ocular acuity difference and binocular summation were both 0.06 logMAR, which is similar to the reported values in children without Down's syndrome.CONCLUSIONS: The study provides eye-care practitioners with the expected values for binocular acuity in children with Down's syndrome and demonstrates the visual disadvantage that children with Down's syndrome have when compared with their typically developing peers. The results emphasise the responsibility that practitioners have to notify parents and educators of the relatively poor vision of children with Down's syndrome, and the need for classroom modifications.
KW - acuity
KW - Down's syndrome
KW - norms
KW - vision
UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cxo.12684
U2 - 10.1111/cxo.12684
DO - 10.1111/cxo.12684
M3 - Article
C2 - 29601092
VL - 101
SP - 535
EP - 540
JO - Clinical and Experimental Optometry
JF - Clinical and Experimental Optometry
SN - 0816-4622
IS - 4
ER -