Abstract
In this study, we present an immuno-epidemic model to understand mitigation options during an epidemic break. The model incorporates comorbidity and multiple-vaccine doses through a system of coupled integro-differential equations to analyze the epidemic rate and intensity from a knowledge of the basic reproduction number and time-distributed rate functions. Our modeling results show that the interval between vaccine doses is a key control parameter that can be tuned to significantly influence disease spread. We show that multiple doses induce a hysteresis effect in immunity levels that offers a better mitigation alternative compared to frequent vaccination which is less cost-effective while being more intrusive. Optimal dosing intervals, emphasizing the cost-effectiveness of each vaccination effort, and determined by various factors such as the level of immunity and efficacy of vaccines against different strains, appear to be crucial in disease management. The model is sufficiently generic that can be extended to accommodate specific disease forms.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | e0310152 |
| Number of pages | 24 |
| Journal | PLoS ONE |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| Early online date | 19 Sept 2024 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 19 Sept 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Copyright © 2024 Ghosh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Data Access Statement
The data sources are mentioned in the paper and the related codes are available in the github link: https://github.com/nsamiran/codes_immuno_epidemic_vaccination.gitKeywords
- Humans
- Vaccine Efficacy
- Vaccination/methods
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Immunization Schedule
- Basic Reproduction Number