TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy factors for flexible fuel engines and vehicles operating with gasoline-ethanol blends
AU - Noce, Toshizaemom
AU - da Silva, Rafael Rocha
AU - Morais, Rafael
AU - Sales, Luis Carlos Monteiro
AU - Hanriot, Sérgio de Morais
AU - Sodré, José Ricardo
PY - 2018/12/1
Y1 - 2018/12/1
N2 - This work investigates the energy factors for fuel conversion from the analysis of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) maps of a sample of 15 engines, representative of 75% of current models available in the Brazilian market. The method also employs the engine driving patterns of power output versus crankshaft speed obtained from bench dynamometer tests. The energy factors obtained from the engine analysis was validated against experiments carried out with two production vehicles in laboratory tests following the 1975 US Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75) procedure and road tests following 16 different urban and highway routes. The fuels used in the tests were hydrous ethanol (E100, 6 v/v % water) and a blend of 22 v/v % anhydrous ethanol and 78 v/v % gasoline (E22). The energy factors found from the 3D engine BSFC map analysis were higher than those obtained from the Willans line, currently adopted as a standard, by 52% for E22 and 57% for E100. The results from the 3D engine BFSC maps and the first vehicle following the FTP-75 cycle and 15 road routes were similar, also close to the results from the second vehicle, qualifying them to be representative of modern flexible fuel spark ignition engines and vehicles.
AB - This work investigates the energy factors for fuel conversion from the analysis of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) maps of a sample of 15 engines, representative of 75% of current models available in the Brazilian market. The method also employs the engine driving patterns of power output versus crankshaft speed obtained from bench dynamometer tests. The energy factors obtained from the engine analysis was validated against experiments carried out with two production vehicles in laboratory tests following the 1975 US Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75) procedure and road tests following 16 different urban and highway routes. The fuels used in the tests were hydrous ethanol (E100, 6 v/v % water) and a blend of 22 v/v % anhydrous ethanol and 78 v/v % gasoline (E22). The energy factors found from the 3D engine BSFC map analysis were higher than those obtained from the Willans line, currently adopted as a standard, by 52% for E22 and 57% for E100. The results from the 3D engine BFSC maps and the first vehicle following the FTP-75 cycle and 15 road routes were similar, also close to the results from the second vehicle, qualifying them to be representative of modern flexible fuel spark ignition engines and vehicles.
KW - Energy factor
KW - Ethanol
KW - Spark ignition engines
KW - Specific fuel consumption
KW - Willans line
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85053812104&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920918305959?via%3Dihub
U2 - 10.1016/j.trd.2018.09.002
DO - 10.1016/j.trd.2018.09.002
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85053812104
SN - 1361-9209
VL - 65
SP - 368
EP - 374
JO - Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
JF - Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
ER -