Experimental Evaluation of Transmission of C+L+U bands over an Unrepeatered Link

Divya A. Shaji; Ruben S. Lu´ıs; Daniele Orsuti; Lucas A. Zischler; Benjamin J. Puttnam; Manuel S. Neves; Budsara Boriboon; Giammarco Di Sciullo; Qi Wu; Mingming Tan; Dini Pratiwi; Aleksandr Donodin; Ian Phillips; Wladek Forysiak; Luca Palmieri; Fernando P. Guiomar; Paulo P. Monteiro; Antonio Mecozzi; Cristian Antonelli; Hideaki Furukawa

doi:10.1109/JLT.2025.3639075

Experimental Evaluation of Transmission of C+L+U bands over an Unrepeatered Link

Divya A. Shaji^*, Ruben S. Lu´ıs, Daniele Orsuti, Lucas A. Zischler, Benjamin J. Puttnam, Manuel S. Neves, Budsara Boriboon, Giammarco Di Sciullo, Qi Wu, Mingming Tan, Dini Pratiwi, Aleksandr Donodin, Ian Phillips, Wladek Forysiak, Luca Palmieri, Fernando P. Guiomar, Paulo P. Monteiro, Antonio Mecozzi, Cristian Antonelli, Hideaki Furukawa

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

We investigate the potential to expand the trans mission bandwidth beyond the C-band to include the L- and U bands over an unrepeatered link. We characterize three fibers- a G.654 compliant Sumitomo Z+ fiber, a G.657 compliant Corning SMF28ULTRA fiber, and a G.652 compliant OFS AllWave Zero Water Peak (ZWP) fiber- for their attenuation profiles and Raman gain efficiencies in the L- and U-bands. We demonstrate the transmission of C+L+U bands over an unrepeatered link of 257.1 km. The transmission system includes band-specific erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for the C- and L- bands, lumped Raman amplifiers for the U-band, and bidirectional distributed Raman amplification for the three bands. We report a decoded data-rate of 84.5 Tb/s over a spectral bandwidth of 109.2 nm using 520 polarization-multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulated channels across C+L+U bands. We investigate ways to manage the effects of stimulated Raman scattering while expanding the transmission window beyond 100 nm over an unrepeatered link.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1249 - 1258
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of Lightwave Technology
Volume	44
Issue number	14
Early online date	2 Dec 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3639075
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 2 Dec 2025

Bibliographical note

Copyright © 2025 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Funding

This work was supported in part by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101072409, Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR, PRIN 2017, project FIRST) and UK EPSRC grants ARGON (EP/V000969/1) TRANSNET (EP/R035342/1), and the Royal Society grant (IES323001).

Funders	Funder number
Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Royal Society	IES\R3\223001, IES323001
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca	PRIN 2017
TRANSNET	EP/R035342/1
European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme	101072409
Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme	101120422
ARGON	EP/V000969/1

Keywords

Optical fiber amplifiers
Optical fiber polarization
Stimulated emission
Optical fiber dispersion
Optical fibers
Optical fiber networks
Attenuation
Raman scattering
Superluminescent diodes
Propagation losses

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10.1109/JLT.2025.3639075Licence: CC BY 4.0

DA Shaji et al_Experimental_Evaluation_of_Transmission_of_CLU_Bands_Over_an_Unrepeatered_Link
Copyright © 2025 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Final published version, 4.13 MBLicence: CC BY 4.0

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Shaji, D. A., Lu´ıs, R. S., Orsuti, D., Zischler, L. A., Puttnam, B. J., Neves, M. S., Boriboon, B., Sciullo, G. D., Wu, Q., Tan, M., Pratiwi, D., Donodin, A., Phillips, I., Forysiak, W., Palmieri, L., Guiomar, F. P., Monteiro, P. P., Mecozzi, A., Antonelli, C., & Furukawa, H. (2026). Experimental Evaluation of Transmission of C+L+U bands over an Unrepeatered Link. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 44(14), 1249 - 1258. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3639075

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title = "Experimental Evaluation of Transmission of C+L+U bands over an Unrepeatered Link",

abstract = "We investigate the potential to expand the trans mission bandwidth beyond the C-band to include the L- and U bands over an unrepeatered link. We characterize three fibers- a G.654 compliant Sumitomo Z+ fiber, a G.657 compliant Corning SMF28ULTRA fiber, and a G.652 compliant OFS AllWave Zero Water Peak (ZWP) fiber- for their attenuation profiles and Raman gain efficiencies in the L- and U-bands. We demonstrate the transmission of C+L+U bands over an unrepeatered link of 257.1 km. The transmission system includes band-specific erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for the C- and L- bands, lumped Raman amplifiers for the U-band, and bidirectional distributed Raman amplification for the three bands. We report a decoded data-rate of 84.5 Tb/s over a spectral bandwidth of 109.2 nm using 520 polarization-multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulated channels across C+L+U bands. We investigate ways to manage the effects of stimulated Raman scattering while expanding the transmission window beyond 100 nm over an unrepeatered link.",

keywords = "Optical fiber amplifiers, Optical fiber polarization, Stimulated emission, Optical fiber dispersion, Optical fibers, Optical fiber networks, Attenuation, Raman scattering, Superluminescent diodes, Propagation losses",

author = "Shaji, {Divya A.} and Lu´ıs, {Ruben S.} and Daniele Orsuti and Zischler, {Lucas A.} and Puttnam, {Benjamin J.} and Neves, {Manuel S.} and Budsara Boriboon and Sciullo, {Giammarco Di} and Qi Wu and Mingming Tan and Dini Pratiwi and Aleksandr Donodin and Ian Phillips and Wladek Forysiak and Luca Palmieri and Guiomar, {Fernando P.} and Monteiro, {Paulo P.} and Antonio Mecozzi and Cristian Antonelli and Hideaki Furukawa",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2025 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

day = "2",

doi = "10.1109/JLT.2025.3639075",

language = "English",

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Shaji, DA, Lu´ıs, RS, Orsuti, D, Zischler, LA, Puttnam, BJ, Neves, MS, Boriboon, B, Sciullo, GD, Wu, Q, Tan, M, Pratiwi, D, Donodin, A , Phillips, I , Forysiak, W, Palmieri, L, Guiomar, FP, Monteiro, PP, Mecozzi, A, Antonelli, C & Furukawa, H 2026, 'Experimental Evaluation of Transmission of C+L+U bands over an Unrepeatered Link', Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 44, no. 14, pp. 1249 - 1258. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3639075

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T1 - Experimental Evaluation of Transmission of C+L+U bands over an Unrepeatered Link

AU - Shaji, Divya A.

AU - Lu´ıs, Ruben S.

AU - Orsuti, Daniele

AU - Zischler, Lucas A.

AU - Puttnam, Benjamin J.

AU - Neves, Manuel S.

AU - Boriboon, Budsara

AU - Sciullo, Giammarco Di

AU - Wu, Qi

AU - Tan, Mingming

AU - Pratiwi, Dini

AU - Donodin, Aleksandr

AU - Phillips, Ian

AU - Forysiak, Wladek

AU - Palmieri, Luca

AU - Guiomar, Fernando P.

AU - Monteiro, Paulo P.

AU - Mecozzi, Antonio

AU - Antonelli, Cristian

AU - Furukawa, Hideaki

PY - 2025/12/2

Y1 - 2025/12/2

N2 - We investigate the potential to expand the trans mission bandwidth beyond the C-band to include the L- and U bands over an unrepeatered link. We characterize three fibers- a G.654 compliant Sumitomo Z+ fiber, a G.657 compliant Corning SMF28ULTRA fiber, and a G.652 compliant OFS AllWave Zero Water Peak (ZWP) fiber- for their attenuation profiles and Raman gain efficiencies in the L- and U-bands. We demonstrate the transmission of C+L+U bands over an unrepeatered link of 257.1 km. The transmission system includes band-specific erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for the C- and L- bands, lumped Raman amplifiers for the U-band, and bidirectional distributed Raman amplification for the three bands. We report a decoded data-rate of 84.5 Tb/s over a spectral bandwidth of 109.2 nm using 520 polarization-multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulated channels across C+L+U bands. We investigate ways to manage the effects of stimulated Raman scattering while expanding the transmission window beyond 100 nm over an unrepeatered link.

AB - We investigate the potential to expand the trans mission bandwidth beyond the C-band to include the L- and U bands over an unrepeatered link. We characterize three fibers- a G.654 compliant Sumitomo Z+ fiber, a G.657 compliant Corning SMF28ULTRA fiber, and a G.652 compliant OFS AllWave Zero Water Peak (ZWP) fiber- for their attenuation profiles and Raman gain efficiencies in the L- and U-bands. We demonstrate the transmission of C+L+U bands over an unrepeatered link of 257.1 km. The transmission system includes band-specific erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for the C- and L- bands, lumped Raman amplifiers for the U-band, and bidirectional distributed Raman amplification for the three bands. We report a decoded data-rate of 84.5 Tb/s over a spectral bandwidth of 109.2 nm using 520 polarization-multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulated channels across C+L+U bands. We investigate ways to manage the effects of stimulated Raman scattering while expanding the transmission window beyond 100 nm over an unrepeatered link.

KW - Optical fiber amplifiers

KW - Optical fiber polarization

KW - Stimulated emission

KW - Optical fiber dispersion

KW - Optical fibers

KW - Optical fiber networks

KW - Attenuation

KW - Raman scattering

KW - Superluminescent diodes

KW - Propagation losses

UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11272088/

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105023907323&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1109/JLT.2025.3639075

DO - 10.1109/JLT.2025.3639075

M3 - Article

SN - 1558-2213

VL - 44

SP - 1249

EP - 1258

JO - Journal of Lightwave Technology

JF - Journal of Lightwave Technology

IS - 14

ER -

Experimental Evaluation of Transmission of C+L+U bands over an Unrepeatered Link

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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