Fiber specklegram sensor based on reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber

Yunhe Zhao; Yutao Guo; Shiqi Chen; Yan Jiang; Siyu Chen; Chengbo Mou; Yunqi Liu; Changle Wang; Kaiming Zhou; Lin Zhang

doi:10.1109/jsen.2024.3421291

Fiber specklegram sensor based on reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber

Yunhe Zhao, Yutao Guo, Shiqi Chen, Yan Jiang, Siyu Chen, Chengbo Mou, Yunqi Liu, Changle Wang, Kaiming Zhou, Lin Zhang

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

In this article, a fiber specklegram sensor (FSS) is formed from reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber (FMF) with tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs). The FMF-TFBG with different tilt angles has been fabricated and could realize the high-efficient reflective mode conversion from fundamental mode to high-order core modes (LP11, LP21, LP02, LP31, and LP12 modes) simultaneously when the tilt angle is 1.6°. With the twist induced in FMF-TFBG, the recorded LP11, LP21, and LP31 mode specklegram rotated with fiber twisting. The specklegrams' rotation angle is detected using speeded-up robust feature algorithm combined with Canny edge detection algorithm to improve the accuracy. When fiber twist angle changes from -300° to 300°, the specklegram rotation angle of LP11, LP21, and LP31 mode is linearly related to fiber twist angle, with a linearity of 0.515, 0.544, and 0.528, respectively. Therefore, the proposed mode rotation from FMF-TFBG with advantages of low cost, high accuracy, and excellent performances could give rise a new generation of FSS.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	25763-25768
Number of pages	6
Journal	IEEE Sensors Journal
Volume	24
Issue number	16
Early online date	9 Jul 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2024.3421291
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 9 Jul 2024

Bibliographical note

Copyright © 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

Keywords

Few-mode fiber
Fiber gratings
Fiber specklegram sensor
Mode rotation
Optical fiber dispersion
Optical fiber networks
Optical fiber sensors
Optical fiber theory
Resonance
Sensors
Tilted fiber Bragg grating

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10.1109/jsen.2024.3421291

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title = "Fiber specklegram sensor based on reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber",

abstract = "In this article, a fiber specklegram sensor (FSS) is formed from reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber (FMF) with tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs). The FMF-TFBG with different tilt angles has been fabricated and could realize the high-efficient reflective mode conversion from fundamental mode to high-order core modes (LP11, LP21, LP02, LP31, and LP12 modes) simultaneously when the tilt angle is 1.6°. With the twist induced in FMF-TFBG, the recorded LP11, LP21, and LP31 mode specklegram rotated with fiber twisting. The specklegrams' rotation angle is detected using speeded-up robust feature algorithm combined with Canny edge detection algorithm to improve the accuracy. When fiber twist angle changes from -300° to 300°, the specklegram rotation angle of LP11, LP21, and LP31 mode is linearly related to fiber twist angle, with a linearity of 0.515, 0.544, and 0.528, respectively. Therefore, the proposed mode rotation from FMF-TFBG with advantages of low cost, high accuracy, and excellent performances could give rise a new generation of FSS.",

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author = "Yunhe Zhao and Yutao Guo and Shiqi Chen and Yan Jiang and Siyu Chen and Chengbo Mou and Yunqi Liu and Changle Wang and Kaiming Zhou and Lin Zhang",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. ",

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AU - Zhao, Yunhe

AU - Guo, Yutao

AU - Chen, Shiqi

AU - Jiang, Yan

AU - Chen, Siyu

AU - Mou, Chengbo

AU - Liu, Yunqi

AU - Wang, Changle

AU - Zhou, Kaiming

AU - Zhang, Lin

N1 - Copyright © 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

PY - 2024/7/9

Y1 - 2024/7/9

N2 - In this article, a fiber specklegram sensor (FSS) is formed from reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber (FMF) with tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs). The FMF-TFBG with different tilt angles has been fabricated and could realize the high-efficient reflective mode conversion from fundamental mode to high-order core modes (LP11, LP21, LP02, LP31, and LP12 modes) simultaneously when the tilt angle is 1.6°. With the twist induced in FMF-TFBG, the recorded LP11, LP21, and LP31 mode specklegram rotated with fiber twisting. The specklegrams' rotation angle is detected using speeded-up robust feature algorithm combined with Canny edge detection algorithm to improve the accuracy. When fiber twist angle changes from -300° to 300°, the specklegram rotation angle of LP11, LP21, and LP31 mode is linearly related to fiber twist angle, with a linearity of 0.515, 0.544, and 0.528, respectively. Therefore, the proposed mode rotation from FMF-TFBG with advantages of low cost, high accuracy, and excellent performances could give rise a new generation of FSS.

AB - In this article, a fiber specklegram sensor (FSS) is formed from reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber (FMF) with tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs). The FMF-TFBG with different tilt angles has been fabricated and could realize the high-efficient reflective mode conversion from fundamental mode to high-order core modes (LP11, LP21, LP02, LP31, and LP12 modes) simultaneously when the tilt angle is 1.6°. With the twist induced in FMF-TFBG, the recorded LP11, LP21, and LP31 mode specklegram rotated with fiber twisting. The specklegrams' rotation angle is detected using speeded-up robust feature algorithm combined with Canny edge detection algorithm to improve the accuracy. When fiber twist angle changes from -300° to 300°, the specklegram rotation angle of LP11, LP21, and LP31 mode is linearly related to fiber twist angle, with a linearity of 0.515, 0.544, and 0.528, respectively. Therefore, the proposed mode rotation from FMF-TFBG with advantages of low cost, high accuracy, and excellent performances could give rise a new generation of FSS.

KW - Few-mode fiber

KW - Fiber gratings

KW - Fiber specklegram sensor

KW - Mode rotation

KW - Optical fiber dispersion

KW - Optical fiber networks

KW - Optical fiber sensors

KW - Optical fiber theory

KW - Resonance

KW - Sensors

KW - Tilted fiber Bragg grating

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EP - 25768

JO - IEEE Sensors Journal

JF - IEEE Sensors Journal

IS - 16

ER -

Fiber specklegram sensor based on reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber

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