Green Cold Chain Logistics: Minimising Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Fresh Food Products in Transport Refrigeration Units

Background: The growing demand for fresh food leads to extensive use of cold chain logistics (CCL) that significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to its dependence on energy-intensive transport refrigeration units (TRUs). Understanding the need to balance food preservation with environmental sustainability, this paper explores practical strategies for reducing GHG emissions in CCL, focusing on fresh food products. Methods: The quantitative and qualitative analyses are applied to analyse data from Transport for London and Transport Scotland. Emission data were assessed to evaluate the impact of alternative TRU technologies and route optimisation practices. Results: The findings reveal that electric and cryogenic TRUs, along with improved route planning and operational practices, can significantly reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. These results highlight the potential strategy for industry-led emission reductions without compromising food quality. Conclusions: This paper recommends the coordination of government policy and industry to support technological adaptation and infrastructure upgrades and to research into real-time monitoring and renewable energy integration in CCL systems.