TY - JOUR
T1 - Hard, soft, smart? North Korea and power
T2 - it’s all relative
AU - Grzelczyk, Virginie
N1 - © AISR. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0)
PY - 2017/6/1
Y1 - 2017/6/1
N2 - North Korea is notable for its isolation, yet the Korean Central News Agency’s daily editions are filled with articles outlining international admiration for Pyongyang and its leader. Is Pyongyang actively promoting soft power as an integral part of not only its survival, but its development strategy? While scholarship on North Korea tends to focus on Pyongyang’s “high profile” relations with China or Russia (Shambaugh 2003, McCormack 2004, Wu 2005) or with nations seeking to cooperate on weapons of mass destruction (Henriksen 2001), little attention has been paid to how the DPRK engages in seemingly peaceful ways with the world. This article examines the notion of hard, soft, smart and other power declensions, and applies a soft-power framework to investigate DPRK rhetoric and the development of partnerships with both states and non-state actors. It suggests that the DPRK has long pursued a strategy of diplomatic diversification, which includes a more sophisticated understanding of power than previously considered in the literature.
AB - North Korea is notable for its isolation, yet the Korean Central News Agency’s daily editions are filled with articles outlining international admiration for Pyongyang and its leader. Is Pyongyang actively promoting soft power as an integral part of not only its survival, but its development strategy? While scholarship on North Korea tends to focus on Pyongyang’s “high profile” relations with China or Russia (Shambaugh 2003, McCormack 2004, Wu 2005) or with nations seeking to cooperate on weapons of mass destruction (Henriksen 2001), little attention has been paid to how the DPRK engages in seemingly peaceful ways with the world. This article examines the notion of hard, soft, smart and other power declensions, and applies a soft-power framework to investigate DPRK rhetoric and the development of partnerships with both states and non-state actors. It suggests that the DPRK has long pursued a strategy of diplomatic diversification, which includes a more sophisticated understanding of power than previously considered in the literature.
UR - https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/landing/article.kci?arti_id=ART002231022
U2 - 10.16934/isr.18.1.201706.131
DO - 10.16934/isr.18.1.201706.131
M3 - Article
SN - 1226-8240
VL - 18
SP - 131
EP - 152
JO - Asian International Studies Review
JF - Asian International Studies Review
IS - 1
M1 - 7
ER -