Induction of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in J774.2 cells and murine macrophages by lipoteichoic acid and related cell wall antigens from Staphylococcus epidermidis

Karen J. Jones, Alan D. Perris, Ann B. Vernallis, Tony Worthington, Peter A. Lambert*, Tom S.J. Elliott

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Staphylococcus epidermidis causes infections associated with medical devices including central venous catheters, orthopaedic prosthetic joints and artificial heart valves. This coagulase-negative Staphylococcus produces a conventional cellular lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and also releases a short-glycerophosphate-chain-length form of LTA (previously termed lipid S) into the medium during growth. The relative pro-inflammatory activities of cellular and short-chain-length exocellular LTA were investigated in comparison with peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid from S. epidermidis and LPS from Escherichia coli O111. The ability of these components to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α] and nitric oxide was investigated in a murine macrophage-like cell line (J774.2), and in peritoneal and splenic macrophages. On a weight-for-weight basis the short-chain-length exocellular LTA was the most active of the S. epidermidis products, stimulating significant amounts of each of the inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, although it was approximately 100-fold less active than LPS from E. coli. By comparison the full-chain-length cellular LTA and peptidoglycan were less active and the wall teichoic acid had no activity. As an exocellular product potentially released from S. epidermidis biofilms, the short-chain-length exocellular LTA may act as the prime mediator of the host inflammatory response to device-related infection by this organism and act as the Gram-positive equivalent of LPS in Gram-negative sepsis. The understanding of the role of short-chain-length exocellular LTA in Gram-positive sepsis may lead to improved treatment strategies. © 2005 SGM.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)315-321
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of Medical Microbiology
Volume54
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2005

Keywords

  • staphylococcus epidermidis
  • infections
  • medical devices
  • central venous catheters
  • orthopaedic prosthetic joints
  • artificial heart valves
  • coagulase-negative staphylococcus
  • cellular lipoteichoic acid
  • short-glycerophosphate-chain-length
  • lipid S
  • pro-inflammatory activities
  • peptidoglycan
  • wall teichoic acid
  • S. epidermidis
  • Escherichia coli O111
  • pro-inflammatory cytokines
  • interleukin (IL)-1ß
  • IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-{alpha}
  • nitric oxide
  • murine macrophage-like cell line (J774.2)
  • peritoneal macrophages
  • splenic macrophages.
  • exocellular product
  • treatment

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