Influence of obesity on load-transfer mechanism, contact mechanics, and longevity of cemented acetabular cup

Objective
This investigation aimed to assess the impact of obesity on the load-transfer mechanism, longevity, and contact mechanics of cemented acetabular cups.
Methods
Three obesity scenarios were considered: obese case-I (100–110 kg), obese case-II (120–130 kg), and obese case-III (140–150 kg). Utilising six finite element models, the effects of different bodyweights on load transfer, contact mechanics, and cup longevity during normal walking conditions were assessed. Muscle forces and hip joint reaction forces were adjusted and linearly calibrated based on obesity cases.
Results
Elevated stresses in cortical and cancellous bones, as well as the cement mantle, were observed in obese cases, suggesting a heightened risk of loosening and failure of the cemented fixation of the acetabular cup. Additionally, increased contact pressure and micromotion between articulating surfaces were noted in obese individuals, with a gradual escalation from obese case-I to obese case-III.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the significant negative impact of obesity on the performance of cemented acetabular cups, emphasizing the importance of considering bodyweight variations in the design and assessment of orthopaedic implants for optimal functionality and durability.