Abstract
PURPOSE. To evaluate the impact of optical vs. illuminance factors and their duration-dependency on lens-induced hyperopia (LIH) in chick eyes. METHODS. Hyperopia was induced in one eye in chicks (10 groups; n = 126) from day 1 after hatching until day 8 using +10-diopter lenses with fellow eyes as controls. One group (LIH) served as the control without any interventions. The remaining groups were exposed to 2, 4, or 6 hours of unrestricted vision (UnV), high-intensity light (HL; 15,000 lux), or both (HL + UnV). Ocular axial length (AL), refractive error, and choroidal thickness were measured on days 1, 4, and 8. Inter-ocular difference (IOD = experimental − contralateral control eye) ± SEM was used to express outcome measures. RESULTS. By day 8, LIH decreased AL (−0.42 ± 0.03 mm) and produced hyperopic refraction (+3.48 ± 0.32 diopters) and choroidal thickening (+85.81 ± 35.23 μm) in the LIH group (all P < 0.001). Exposure to UnV reduced LIH (i.e., hyperopic refraction, axial shortening, and choroidal thickening) in a duration-dependent manner, whereas HL potentiated the development of LIH in a duration-dependent manner. When combined, UnV overpowered HL, with resultant impact on refraction and AL being close to UnV alone, except at 6 hours, when HL + UnV induced shorter AL compared with UnV alone (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS. Daily exposure to HL, UnV, and HL + UnV altered LIH in a duration-dependent manner with UnV and LIH producing competing signals. The signal generated by UnV was generally stronger than HL in combined exposure, yet longer durations of HL affected the drive for emmetropization in eyes with UnV.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 22 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science |
Volume | 65 |
Issue number | 14 |
Early online date | 10 Dec 2024 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Dec 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Copyright © The Authors 2024. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Keywords
- animal model
- axial length
- choroid
- defocus
- hyperopia
- light
- myopia