JNK3 quantification in plasma: a novel biomarker for neuronal damage in Parkinson's disease

Elena Vacchi, Arianna Giani, Nunzio Perta, Sara Turchetti, Laura Pasetto, Valentina Bonetto, Maria Giulia Bacalini, Luca Baldelli, Federica Provini, Sandra Hackethal, Silvia Riccardi, Silvia Miano, Mauro Manconi, Georg Kägi, Ilaria Bertaina, Giovanni Bianco, Salvatore Galati, Alain Kaelin-Lang, Domenico Raimondo, Mariaelena RepiciMauro Tettamanti, Giorgia Melli, Tiziana Borsello

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains challenging due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. To address this need, we quantified plasma levels of brain-specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3), a protein involved in neurodegeneration. A total of 108 participants were enrolled, including 25 individuals with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), 26 patients with De Novo PD, 29 with Late PD, and 28 age-matched healthy controls (HC). All subjects underwent clinical assessment, blood sampling, and skin biopsy. Plasma JNK3 levels were significantly elevated in PD and iRBD compared to HC, a finding that remained robust after adjustment for age and sex in multivariate logistic regression. ROC analysis demonstrated that JNK3 levels distinguished PD from HC with 100% specificity and 65% sensitivity in Late PD. In contrast, Neurofilament Light Chain showed non-significant group differences and weak discriminative performance. Notably, while JNK3 declined with age in HC, it increased with age in Late PD (P = 0.048, B = 0.105) and negatively correlated with motor impairment. Elevated JNK3 was also associated with pathological α-Synuclein in skin biopsy. These findings highlight JNK3 as a promising blood biomarker for PD, with meaningful diagnostic and prognostic value, suggesting that its implementation could refine patient stratification and improve clinical trial efficiency. [Abstract copyright: © 2025. The Author(s).]
Original languageEnglish
Number of pages10
JournalNPJ Parkinson's disease
Volume12
Issue number8
Early online date10 Dec 2025
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 10 Dec 2025

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