Memory for emotional faces in naturally occurring dysphoria and induced sadness

Nathan Ridout; Aliya Noreen; Jaskaran Johal

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.013

Memory for emotional faces in naturally occurring dysphoria and induced sadness

Nathan Ridout, Aliya Noreen, Jaskaran Johal

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The aim was to establish if the memory bias for sad faces, reported in clinically depressed patients (Gilboa-Schechtman, Erhard Weiss, & Jeczemien, 2002; Ridout, Astell, Reid, Glen, & O'Carroll, 2003) generalises to sub-clinical depression (dysphoria) and experimentally induced sadness. Study 1: dysphoric (n = 24) and non-dysphoric (n = 20) participants were presented with facial stimuli, asked to identify the emotion portrayed and then given a recognition memory test for these faces. At encoding, dysphoric participants (DP) exhibited impaired identification of sadness and neutral affect relative to the non-dysphoric group (ND). At memory testing, DP exhibited superior memory for sad faces relative to happy and neutral. They also exhibited enhanced memory for sad faces and impaired memory for happy relative to the ND. Study 2: non-depressed participants underwent a positive (n = 24) or negative (n = 24) mood induction (MI) and were assessed on the same tests as Study 1. At encoding, negative MI participants showed superior identification of sadness, relative to neutral affect and compared to the positive MI group. At memory testing, the negative MI group exhibited enhanced memory for the sad faces relative to happy or neutral and compared to the positive MI group. Conclusion: MCM bias for sad faces generalises from clinical depression to these sub-clinical affective states.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	851-860
Number of pages	10
Journal	Behaviour Research and Therapy
Volume	47
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.013
Publication status	Published - Oct 2009

Bibliographical note

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Behaviour research and therapy. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Ridout, N, Noreen, A, Johal, J, 'Memory for emotional faces in naturally occurring dysphoria and induced sadness', Behaviour research and therapy, vol 47, no. 10 (2009) DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.013

Keywords

mood-congruent memory
depression
dysphoria
mood induction
emotional faces

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10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.013

Memory for emotional faces
NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Behaviour research and therapy. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Ridout, N, Noreen, A, Johal, J, 'Memory for emotional faces in naturally occurring dysphoria and induced sadness', Behaviour research and therapy, vol 47, no. 10 (2009) DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.013
Accepted author manuscript, 179 KB

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title = "Memory for emotional faces in naturally occurring dysphoria and induced sadness",

abstract = "The aim was to establish if the memory bias for sad faces, reported in clinically depressed patients (Gilboa-Schechtman, Erhard Weiss, & Jeczemien, 2002; Ridout, Astell, Reid, Glen, & O'Carroll, 2003) generalises to sub-clinical depression (dysphoria) and experimentally induced sadness. Study 1: dysphoric (n = 24) and non-dysphoric (n = 20) participants were presented with facial stimuli, asked to identify the emotion portrayed and then given a recognition memory test for these faces. At encoding, dysphoric participants (DP) exhibited impaired identification of sadness and neutral affect relative to the non-dysphoric group (ND). At memory testing, DP exhibited superior memory for sad faces relative to happy and neutral. They also exhibited enhanced memory for sad faces and impaired memory for happy relative to the ND. Study 2: non-depressed participants underwent a positive (n = 24) or negative (n = 24) mood induction (MI) and were assessed on the same tests as Study 1. At encoding, negative MI participants showed superior identification of sadness, relative to neutral affect and compared to the positive MI group. At memory testing, the negative MI group exhibited enhanced memory for the sad faces relative to happy or neutral and compared to the positive MI group. Conclusion: MCM bias for sad faces generalises from clinical depression to these sub-clinical affective states.",

keywords = "mood-congruent memory, depression, dysphoria, mood induction, emotional faces",

author = "Nathan Ridout and Aliya Noreen and Jaskaran Johal",

note = "NOTICE: this is the author{\textquoteright}s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Behaviour research and therapy. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Ridout, N, Noreen, A, Johal, J, 'Memory for emotional faces in naturally occurring dysphoria and induced sadness', Behaviour research and therapy, vol 47, no. 10 (2009) DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.013",

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AU - Ridout, Nathan

AU - Noreen, Aliya

AU - Johal, Jaskaran

N1 - NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Behaviour research and therapy. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Ridout, N, Noreen, A, Johal, J, 'Memory for emotional faces in naturally occurring dysphoria and induced sadness', Behaviour research and therapy, vol 47, no. 10 (2009) DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.013

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N2 - The aim was to establish if the memory bias for sad faces, reported in clinically depressed patients (Gilboa-Schechtman, Erhard Weiss, & Jeczemien, 2002; Ridout, Astell, Reid, Glen, & O'Carroll, 2003) generalises to sub-clinical depression (dysphoria) and experimentally induced sadness. Study 1: dysphoric (n = 24) and non-dysphoric (n = 20) participants were presented with facial stimuli, asked to identify the emotion portrayed and then given a recognition memory test for these faces. At encoding, dysphoric participants (DP) exhibited impaired identification of sadness and neutral affect relative to the non-dysphoric group (ND). At memory testing, DP exhibited superior memory for sad faces relative to happy and neutral. They also exhibited enhanced memory for sad faces and impaired memory for happy relative to the ND. Study 2: non-depressed participants underwent a positive (n = 24) or negative (n = 24) mood induction (MI) and were assessed on the same tests as Study 1. At encoding, negative MI participants showed superior identification of sadness, relative to neutral affect and compared to the positive MI group. At memory testing, the negative MI group exhibited enhanced memory for the sad faces relative to happy or neutral and compared to the positive MI group. Conclusion: MCM bias for sad faces generalises from clinical depression to these sub-clinical affective states.

AB - The aim was to establish if the memory bias for sad faces, reported in clinically depressed patients (Gilboa-Schechtman, Erhard Weiss, & Jeczemien, 2002; Ridout, Astell, Reid, Glen, & O'Carroll, 2003) generalises to sub-clinical depression (dysphoria) and experimentally induced sadness. Study 1: dysphoric (n = 24) and non-dysphoric (n = 20) participants were presented with facial stimuli, asked to identify the emotion portrayed and then given a recognition memory test for these faces. At encoding, dysphoric participants (DP) exhibited impaired identification of sadness and neutral affect relative to the non-dysphoric group (ND). At memory testing, DP exhibited superior memory for sad faces relative to happy and neutral. They also exhibited enhanced memory for sad faces and impaired memory for happy relative to the ND. Study 2: non-depressed participants underwent a positive (n = 24) or negative (n = 24) mood induction (MI) and were assessed on the same tests as Study 1. At encoding, negative MI participants showed superior identification of sadness, relative to neutral affect and compared to the positive MI group. At memory testing, the negative MI group exhibited enhanced memory for the sad faces relative to happy or neutral and compared to the positive MI group. Conclusion: MCM bias for sad faces generalises from clinical depression to these sub-clinical affective states.

KW - mood-congruent memory

KW - depression

KW - dysphoria

KW - mood induction

KW - emotional faces

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DO - 10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.013

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SN - 0005-7967

VL - 47

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EP - 860

JO - Behaviour Research and Therapy

JF - Behaviour Research and Therapy

IS - 10

ER -

Memory for emotional faces in naturally occurring dysphoria and induced sadness

Abstract

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Keywords

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