Metal-Air Batteries—A Review

Abdul Ghani Olabi, Enas Taha Sayed, Tabbi Wilberforce, Aisha Jamal, Abdul Hai Alami, Khaled Elsaid, Shek Mohammod Atiqure Rahman, Sheikh Khaleduzzaman Shah*, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Metal–air batteries are a promising technology that could be used in several applications, from portable devices to large-scale energy storage applications. This work is a comprehensive review of the recent progress made in metal-air batteries MABs. It covers the theoretical considerations and mechanisms of MABs, electrochemical performance, and the progress made in the development of different structures of MABs. The operational concepts and recent developments in MABs are thoroughly discussed, with a particular focus on innovative materials design and cell structures. The classical research on traditional MABs was chosen and contrasted with metal–air flow systems, demonstrating the merits associated with the latter in terms of achieving higher energy density and efficiency, along with stability. Furthermore, the recent applications of MABs were discussed. Finally, a broad overview of challenges/opportunities and potential directions for commercializing this technology is carefully discussed. The primary focus of this investigation is to present a concise summary and to establish future directions in the development of MABs from traditional static to advanced flow technologies. A systematic analysis of this subject from a material and chemistry standpoint is presented as well.
Original languageEnglish
Article number7373
JournalEnergies
Volume14
Issue number21
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 5 Nov 2021

Bibliographical note

© 2021 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).

Keywords

  • Applications
  • Cell design
  • Challenges
  • Metal-air battery
  • Metal–air flow batteries

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