Mode conversion in graded-index few-mode fiber via hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings

Yuehui Ma; Kaiming Zhou; Lukman Kamarudin; Chen Jiang; Siyu Chen; Jiaxuan Li; Qiushi Huang; Wei Sun; Xutao Wang; Zhiqun Yang; Yaping Liu; Lin Zhang; Chengbo Mou; Yunqi Liu

doi:10.1364/ol.538511

Mode conversion in graded-index few-mode fiber via hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings

Yuehui Ma, Kaiming Zhou, Lukman Kamarudin, Chen Jiang, Siyu Chen, Jiaxuan Li, Qiushi Huang, Wei Sun, Xutao Wang, Zhiqun Yang, Yaping Liu, Lin Zhang, Chengbo Mou, Yunqi Liu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We demonstrate the realization of mode conversion using hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) inscribed in graded-index few-mode fibers (FMFs) by a femtosecond laser. By precisely shaping the refractive index modulation into a hollow cylindrical structure, we enable efficient coupling from the fundamental mode to high-order modes (LP11, LP02, LP21, LP12, LP31, LP03, and LP22 modes). The method achieves high-efficiency and low-loss mode conversion across various mode groups, marking a first for graded-index FMFs with different grating periods. The influence of the hollow cylindrical LPFG radius on mode conversion efficiency and spectral characteristics is thoroughly investigated. Additionally, incorporating a linear polarizer allowed for distinguishing between LP modes within a mode group, enhancing the tunability of the mode converter. These mode conversion devices have significant potential for applications in mode gain equalization and mode scrambling for mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems.

Original language	English
Article number	5949
Pages (from-to)	5949-5952
Number of pages	4
Journal	Optics Letters
Volume	49
Issue number	20
Early online date	14 Oct 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.538511
Publication status	Published - 15 Oct 2024

Bibliographical note

Copyright © 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved. This paper was published in Optics Letters and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.538511. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law.

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title = "Mode conversion in graded-index few-mode fiber via hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings",

abstract = "We demonstrate the realization of mode conversion using hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) inscribed in graded-index few-mode fibers (FMFs) by a femtosecond laser. By precisely shaping the refractive index modulation into a hollow cylindrical structure, we enable efficient coupling from the fundamental mode to high-order modes (LP11, LP02, LP21, LP12, LP31, LP03, and LP22 modes). The method achieves high-efficiency and low-loss mode conversion across various mode groups, marking a first for graded-index FMFs with different grating periods. The influence of the hollow cylindrical LPFG radius on mode conversion efficiency and spectral characteristics is thoroughly investigated. Additionally, incorporating a linear polarizer allowed for distinguishing between LP modes within a mode group, enhancing the tunability of the mode converter. These mode conversion devices have significant potential for applications in mode gain equalization and mode scrambling for mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems.",

author = "Yuehui Ma and Kaiming Zhou and Lukman Kamarudin and Chen Jiang and Siyu Chen and Jiaxuan Li and Qiushi Huang and Wei Sun and Xutao Wang and Zhiqun Yang and Yaping Liu and Lin Zhang and Chengbo Mou and Yunqi Liu",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved. This paper was published in Optics Letters and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.538511. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law. ",

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AU - Ma, Yuehui

AU - Zhou, Kaiming

AU - Kamarudin, Lukman

AU - Jiang, Chen

AU - Chen, Siyu

AU - Li, Jiaxuan

AU - Huang, Qiushi

AU - Sun, Wei

AU - Wang, Xutao

AU - Yang, Zhiqun

AU - Liu, Yaping

AU - Zhang, Lin

AU - Mou, Chengbo

AU - Liu, Yunqi

N1 - Copyright © 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved. This paper was published in Optics Letters and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.538511. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law.

PY - 2024/10/15

Y1 - 2024/10/15

N2 - We demonstrate the realization of mode conversion using hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) inscribed in graded-index few-mode fibers (FMFs) by a femtosecond laser. By precisely shaping the refractive index modulation into a hollow cylindrical structure, we enable efficient coupling from the fundamental mode to high-order modes (LP11, LP02, LP21, LP12, LP31, LP03, and LP22 modes). The method achieves high-efficiency and low-loss mode conversion across various mode groups, marking a first for graded-index FMFs with different grating periods. The influence of the hollow cylindrical LPFG radius on mode conversion efficiency and spectral characteristics is thoroughly investigated. Additionally, incorporating a linear polarizer allowed for distinguishing between LP modes within a mode group, enhancing the tunability of the mode converter. These mode conversion devices have significant potential for applications in mode gain equalization and mode scrambling for mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems.

AB - We demonstrate the realization of mode conversion using hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) inscribed in graded-index few-mode fibers (FMFs) by a femtosecond laser. By precisely shaping the refractive index modulation into a hollow cylindrical structure, we enable efficient coupling from the fundamental mode to high-order modes (LP11, LP02, LP21, LP12, LP31, LP03, and LP22 modes). The method achieves high-efficiency and low-loss mode conversion across various mode groups, marking a first for graded-index FMFs with different grating periods. The influence of the hollow cylindrical LPFG radius on mode conversion efficiency and spectral characteristics is thoroughly investigated. Additionally, incorporating a linear polarizer allowed for distinguishing between LP modes within a mode group, enhancing the tunability of the mode converter. These mode conversion devices have significant potential for applications in mode gain equalization and mode scrambling for mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems.

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Mode conversion in graded-index few-mode fiber via hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings

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