Mode conversion in graded-index few-mode fiber via hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings

Yuehui Ma; Kaiming Zhou; Lukman Kamarudin; Chen Jiang; Siyu Chen; Jiaxuan Li; Qiushi Huang; Wei Sun; Xutao Wang; Zhiqun Yang; Yaping Liu; Lin Zhang; Chengbo Mou; Yunqi Liu

doi:10.1364/ol.538511

Mode conversion in graded-index few-mode fiber via hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings

Yuehui Ma
, Kaiming Zhou
, Lukman Kamarudin
, Chen Jiang
, Siyu Chen
, Jiaxuan Li
, Qiushi Huang
, Wei Sun
, Xutao Wang
, Zhiqun Yang
, Yaping Liu
, Lin Zhang
, Chengbo Mou
, Yunqi Liu

Aston University
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Tianjin University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Citations (SciVal)

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Abstract

We demonstrate the realization of mode conversion using hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) inscribed in graded-index few-mode fibers (FMFs) by a femtosecond laser. By precisely shaping the refractive index modulation into a hollow cylindrical structure, we enable efficient coupling from the fundamental mode to high-order modes (LP11, LP02, LP21, LP12, LP31, LP03, and LP22 modes). The method achieves high-efficiency and low-loss mode conversion across various mode groups, marking a first for graded-index FMFs with different grating periods. The influence of the hollow cylindrical LPFG radius on mode conversion efficiency and spectral characteristics is thoroughly investigated. Additionally, incorporating a linear polarizer allowed for distinguishing between LP modes within a mode group, enhancing the tunability of the mode converter. These mode conversion devices have significant potential for applications in mode gain equalization and mode scrambling for mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems.

Original language	English
Article number	5949
Pages (from-to)	5949-5952
Number of pages	4
Journal	Optics Letters
Volume	49
Issue number	20
Early online date	14 Oct 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.538511
Publication status	Published - 15 Oct 2024

Bibliographical note

Copyright © 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved. This paper was published in Optics Letters and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.538511. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (62075124); European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) programme (872049, IPN-Bio); China Scholarship Council (202306890090). Funding. National Natural Science Foundation of China (62075124); European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) programme (872049, IPN-Bio); China Scholarship Council (202306890090). Disclosures. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data availability. Data underlying the results presented in this Letter are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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10.1364/ol.538511

Yuehui Ma et al_Mode conversion in graded-index few-mode fiber via hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings
Copyright © 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved. This paper was published in Optics Letters and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.538511. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law.
Accepted author manuscript, 1.86 MBLicence: Unspecified

Cite this

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title = "Mode conversion in graded-index few-mode fiber via hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings",

abstract = "We demonstrate the realization of mode conversion using hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) inscribed in graded-index few-mode fibers (FMFs) by a femtosecond laser. By precisely shaping the refractive index modulation into a hollow cylindrical structure, we enable efficient coupling from the fundamental mode to high-order modes (LP11, LP02, LP21, LP12, LP31, LP03, and LP22 modes). The method achieves high-efficiency and low-loss mode conversion across various mode groups, marking a first for graded-index FMFs with different grating periods. The influence of the hollow cylindrical LPFG radius on mode conversion efficiency and spectral characteristics is thoroughly investigated. Additionally, incorporating a linear polarizer allowed for distinguishing between LP modes within a mode group, enhancing the tunability of the mode converter. These mode conversion devices have significant potential for applications in mode gain equalization and mode scrambling for mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems.",

author = "Yuehui Ma and Kaiming Zhou and Lukman Kamarudin and Chen Jiang and Siyu Chen and Jiaxuan Li and Qiushi Huang and Wei Sun and Xutao Wang and Zhiqun Yang and Yaping Liu and Lin Zhang and Chengbo Mou and Yunqi Liu",

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AU - Sun, Wei

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AU - Yang, Zhiqun

AU - Liu, Yaping

AU - Zhang, Lin

AU - Mou, Chengbo

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N2 - We demonstrate the realization of mode conversion using hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) inscribed in graded-index few-mode fibers (FMFs) by a femtosecond laser. By precisely shaping the refractive index modulation into a hollow cylindrical structure, we enable efficient coupling from the fundamental mode to high-order modes (LP11, LP02, LP21, LP12, LP31, LP03, and LP22 modes). The method achieves high-efficiency and low-loss mode conversion across various mode groups, marking a first for graded-index FMFs with different grating periods. The influence of the hollow cylindrical LPFG radius on mode conversion efficiency and spectral characteristics is thoroughly investigated. Additionally, incorporating a linear polarizer allowed for distinguishing between LP modes within a mode group, enhancing the tunability of the mode converter. These mode conversion devices have significant potential for applications in mode gain equalization and mode scrambling for mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems.

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Mode conversion in graded-index few-mode fiber via hollow cylindrical long-period fiber gratings

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