Abstract
This article advances new understandings of paradiplomacy in action, by reconsidering the mobilisation towards the EU of two German Länder, Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, over a 30-year period (1992–2022). Refining its traditional usage as a catch-all concept, we deploy a novel typology of layers of paradiplomatic activity, in order to unpack the inherent dynamics of substate engagement with the EU and explore the implications of paradiplomacy on intergovernmental relations in Germany. We find little difference between Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg in the dominant mode of interaction with the federal government resulting from paradiplomacy, the cooperative mode, though modes of interaction differ across the layers of paradiplomatic activity, ranging from more active cooperation in the policy space through to benign neglect on cross-border cooperation and on regional identity promotion.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Territory, Politics, Governance |
| Early online date | 9 Jul 2024 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 9 Jul 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.Keywords
- European Union
- German Länder
- Paradiplomacy