Abstract
Methods - Data from 4037 patients with bipolar I disorder were collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries at latitudes spanning 3.2 north (N) to 63.4 N and 38.2 south (S) of the equator. The age of onset of the first episode, onset location, family history of mood disorders, and polarity of first episode were obtained retrospectively, from patient records and/or direct interview. Solar insolation data were obtained for the onset locations.
Results - There was a large, significant inverse relationship between maximum monthly increase in solar insolation and age of onset, controlling for the country median age and the birth cohort. The effect was reduced by half if there was no family history. The maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in springtime. The effect was one-third smaller for initial episodes of mania than depression. The largest maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in northern latitudes such as Oslo, Norway, and warm and dry areas such as Los Angeles, California.
Limitations - Recall bias for onset and family history data.
Conclusions - A large springtime increase in sunlight may have an important influence on the onset of bipolar disorder, especially in those with a family history of mood disorders.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 104-111 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Journal of Affective Disorders |
| Volume | 167 |
| Early online date | 29 May 2014 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Oct 2014 |
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Keywords
- bipolar disorder
- sunlight
- insolation
- age of onset
Cite this
}
Relationship between sunlight and the age of onset of bipolar disorder : an international multisite study. / Bauer, Michael; Glenn, Tasha; Alda, Martin ; Andreassen, Ole A.; Angelopoulos, Elias; Ardau, Raffaella; Baethge, Christopher; Bauer, Rita; Bellivier, Frank; Belmaker, Robert H.; Berk, Michael; Bjella, Thomas D.; Bossini, Letizia; Bersudsky, Yuly; Cheung, Eric Yat Wo; Conell, Jörn; del Zompo, Maria; Dodd, Seetal; Etain, Bruno; Fagiolini, Andrea; Frye, Mark A.; Fountoulakis, Kostas N.; Garneau-Fournier, Jade; González-Pinto, Ana; Harima, Hirohiko; Hassel, Stefanie; Henry, Chantal; Iacovides, Apostolos; Isometsä, Erkki T.; Kapczinski, Flávio; Kliwicki, Sebastian; König, Barbara; Krogh, Rikke; Kunz, Mauricio; Lafer, Beny; Larsen, Erik R.; Lewitzka, Ute; Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos; MacQueen, Glenda; Manchia, Mirko; Marsh, Wendy; Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Mónica; Melle, Ingrid; Monteith, Scott; Morken, Gunnar; Munoz, Rodrigo; Nery, Fabiano G.; O'Donovan, Claire; Osher, Yamima; Pfennig, Andrea; Quiroz, Danilo; Ramesar, Raj; Rasgon, Natalie; Reif, Andreas; Ritter, Philipp; Rybakowski, Janusz K.; Sagduyu, Kemal; Scippa, Ângela M.; Severus, Emanuel; Simhandl, Christian; Stein, Dan J.; Strejilevich, Sergio; Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad; Suominen, Kirsi; Tagata, Hiromi; Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka; Torrent, Carla; Vieta, Eduard; Viswanath, Biju; Wanchoo, Mihir J.; Zetin, Mark; Whybrow, Peter C.
In: Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 167, 01.10.2014, p. 104-111.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Relationship between sunlight and the age of onset of bipolar disorder
T2 - an international multisite study
AU - Bauer, Michael
AU - Glenn, Tasha
AU - Alda, Martin
AU - Andreassen, Ole A.
AU - Angelopoulos, Elias
AU - Ardau, Raffaella
AU - Baethge, Christopher
AU - Bauer, Rita
AU - Bellivier, Frank
AU - Belmaker, Robert H.
AU - Berk, Michael
AU - Bjella, Thomas D.
AU - Bossini, Letizia
AU - Bersudsky, Yuly
AU - Cheung, Eric Yat Wo
AU - Conell, Jörn
AU - del Zompo, Maria
AU - Dodd, Seetal
AU - Etain, Bruno
AU - Fagiolini, Andrea
AU - Frye, Mark A.
AU - Fountoulakis, Kostas N.
AU - Garneau-Fournier, Jade
AU - González-Pinto, Ana
AU - Harima, Hirohiko
AU - Hassel, Stefanie
AU - Henry, Chantal
AU - Iacovides, Apostolos
AU - Isometsä, Erkki T.
AU - Kapczinski, Flávio
AU - Kliwicki, Sebastian
AU - König, Barbara
AU - Krogh, Rikke
AU - Kunz, Mauricio
AU - Lafer, Beny
AU - Larsen, Erik R.
AU - Lewitzka, Ute
AU - Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos
AU - MacQueen, Glenda
AU - Manchia, Mirko
AU - Marsh, Wendy
AU - Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Mónica
AU - Melle, Ingrid
AU - Monteith, Scott
AU - Morken, Gunnar
AU - Munoz, Rodrigo
AU - Nery, Fabiano G.
AU - O'Donovan, Claire
AU - Osher, Yamima
AU - Pfennig, Andrea
AU - Quiroz, Danilo
AU - Ramesar, Raj
AU - Rasgon, Natalie
AU - Reif, Andreas
AU - Ritter, Philipp
AU - Rybakowski, Janusz K.
AU - Sagduyu, Kemal
AU - Scippa, Ângela M.
AU - Severus, Emanuel
AU - Simhandl, Christian
AU - Stein, Dan J.
AU - Strejilevich, Sergio
AU - Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad
AU - Suominen, Kirsi
AU - Tagata, Hiromi
AU - Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka
AU - Torrent, Carla
AU - Vieta, Eduard
AU - Viswanath, Biju
AU - Wanchoo, Mihir J.
AU - Zetin, Mark
AU - Whybrow, Peter C.
PY - 2014/10/1
Y1 - 2014/10/1
N2 - Background - The onset of bipolar disorder is influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. We previously found that a large increase in sunlight in springtime was associated with a lower age of onset. This study extends this analysis with more collection sites at diverse locations, and includes family history and polarity of first episode.Methods - Data from 4037 patients with bipolar I disorder were collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries at latitudes spanning 3.2 north (N) to 63.4 N and 38.2 south (S) of the equator. The age of onset of the first episode, onset location, family history of mood disorders, and polarity of first episode were obtained retrospectively, from patient records and/or direct interview. Solar insolation data were obtained for the onset locations.Results - There was a large, significant inverse relationship between maximum monthly increase in solar insolation and age of onset, controlling for the country median age and the birth cohort. The effect was reduced by half if there was no family history. The maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in springtime. The effect was one-third smaller for initial episodes of mania than depression. The largest maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in northern latitudes such as Oslo, Norway, and warm and dry areas such as Los Angeles, California.Limitations - Recall bias for onset and family history data.Conclusions - A large springtime increase in sunlight may have an important influence on the onset of bipolar disorder, especially in those with a family history of mood disorders.
AB - Background - The onset of bipolar disorder is influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. We previously found that a large increase in sunlight in springtime was associated with a lower age of onset. This study extends this analysis with more collection sites at diverse locations, and includes family history and polarity of first episode.Methods - Data from 4037 patients with bipolar I disorder were collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries at latitudes spanning 3.2 north (N) to 63.4 N and 38.2 south (S) of the equator. The age of onset of the first episode, onset location, family history of mood disorders, and polarity of first episode were obtained retrospectively, from patient records and/or direct interview. Solar insolation data were obtained for the onset locations.Results - There was a large, significant inverse relationship between maximum monthly increase in solar insolation and age of onset, controlling for the country median age and the birth cohort. The effect was reduced by half if there was no family history. The maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in springtime. The effect was one-third smaller for initial episodes of mania than depression. The largest maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in northern latitudes such as Oslo, Norway, and warm and dry areas such as Los Angeles, California.Limitations - Recall bias for onset and family history data.Conclusions - A large springtime increase in sunlight may have an important influence on the onset of bipolar disorder, especially in those with a family history of mood disorders.
KW - bipolar disorder
KW - sunlight
KW - insolation
KW - age of onset
U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.032
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.032
M3 - Article
C2 - 24953482
VL - 167
SP - 104
EP - 111
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
SN - 0165-0327
ER -