Abstract
People with COVID-19 can experience post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Studies on risk factors of PASC outcomes are ongoing, especially for endocrine system-related diseases that may impact the cardiovascular system. Cardiac-related PASC is one of the burdens after COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to examine the risk factors of cardiac-related PASC. In this nested case-control study, we obtained electronic health records (EHRs) database from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. We defined cases as patients with at least one cardiac-related PASC and controls as patients without any cardiac-related PASC. We applied the incidence density sampling and matched controls to cases on age and sex at a 1:10 ratio. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to determine the associations between risk factors and cardiac-related PASC. A total of 455 individuals with cardiac-related PASC and matched 3,423 controls were obtained in the underlying cohort. COVID-19-associated hospitalisation (aOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03–1.93) and peripheral vascular disease (aOR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.31–6.79) were associated with an increased likelihood of cardiac-related PASC. Higher doses of the COVID-19 vaccine (2 doses: 0.68 [0.52–0.89]; ≥3 doses: 0.56 [0.40–0.78]) and more frequent healthcare utilization visits (aOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97) were associated with a lower likelihood of cardiac-related PASC. This is the first study to examine risk factors of cardiac-related PASC among the Chinese population. We identified peripheral vascular disease and COVID-19-associated hospitalisation as the risk factors for cardiac-related PASC. COVID-19 vaccination was protective against cardiac-related PASC, which should be prioritized for high-risk patients.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 10 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | npj Cardiovascular Health |
| Volume | 1 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Early online date | 2 Aug 2024 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2024 |
Bibliographical note
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Funding
This work was supported by funding from the Collaborative Research Fund, University Grants Committee, the HKSAR Government (principal investigator, ICKW; ref. no. C7154-20GF); and a research grant from the Health Bureau, the HKSAR Government (principal investigator, ICKW; ref. no. COVID19F01). ICKW and FTTL are partially supported by the Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H) funded by the AIR@InnoHK administered by the Innovation and Technology Commission.