Role of community pharmacy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in minority ethnic groups in the UK including barriers and facilitators: protocol for a mixed methods systematic review

Rumanveer Singh Duley; Gurkiran Kaur Birdi; Joseph Bush; Derek Connolly; Ahmad Shoaib; Ian Maidment

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094168

Role of community pharmacy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in minority ethnic groups in the UK including barriers and facilitators: protocol for a mixed methods systematic review

Rumanveer Singh Duley^*
, Gurkiran Kaur Birdi
, Joseph Bush
, Derek Connolly
, Ahmad Shoaib
, Ian Maidment

^*Corresponding author for this work

Aston University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

12 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major public health issue in the United Kingdom (UK) and disproportionately affects minority ethnic groups who face higher rates of CVD, necessitating targeted interventions to address their specific health needs. Community pharmacies are accessible healthcare hubs that could address CVD and associated health inequalities. However, more promotion and research are needed to effectively reach deprived and hard-to-reach groups. Understanding the role of community pharmacies in preventing CVD in minority ethnic groups, including barriers and facilitators, is essential to improve their use in meeting this inequity. The objective of this review is to review the published literature to understand the potential role of community pharmacy in the prevention of CVD in minority ethnic groups, including barriers and facilitators.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive literature search of Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web Of Science and The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature to identify published primary studies reporting on the role of community pharmacy in the prevention of CVD in minority ethnic groups including barriers and facilitators will be conducted (conducted 30 September 2024-2 October 2024). Backward and forward citation tracking will be conducted to identify further studies of relevance. Additionally, OpenGrey and Google Scholar searches will be conducted to identify unpublished studies. The mixed methods appraisal tool will be employed to assess study quality. Data will be extracted using a piloted data extraction form, adapted from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence evidence table for qualitative studies. Reporting will be in line with enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ) guidelines.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required for systematic reviews of published literature. The review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings of this review will be combined with those of the future research and will be disseminated as guidance for members of ethnic minority groups and as recommendations for healthcare professionals and policy makers.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024579766.

Original language	English
Article number	e094168
Number of pages	5
Journal	BMJ Open
Volume	15
Issue number	3
Early online date	24 Mar 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094168
Publication status	Published - 24 Mar 2025

Bibliographical note

Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Published by BMJ Group. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Funding

The authors are a part of the Listers Cardiovascular Research Group, which is co-funded by the Listers Group, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust and Aston University. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Listers Group, SWBH, Aston University or the Department of Health and Social Care.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
Community Pharmacy Services/organization & administration
Ethnicity
Health Services Accessibility
Humans
Minority Groups
Research Design
Systematic Reviews as Topic
United Kingdom

Access to Document

10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094168Licence: CC BY-NC 4.0

RS Duley et al_Role of community pharmacy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in minority ethnic groups_UK_protocol
Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Published by BMJ Group. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Final published version, 368 KBLicence: CC BY-NC 4.0

Cite this

@article{f175a779e35044a48bcca8a91b3f2ec2,

title = "Role of community pharmacy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in minority ethnic groups in the UK including barriers and facilitators: protocol for a mixed methods systematic review",

abstract = "INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major public health issue in the United Kingdom (UK) and disproportionately affects minority ethnic groups who face higher rates of CVD, necessitating targeted interventions to address their specific health needs. Community pharmacies are accessible healthcare hubs that could address CVD and associated health inequalities. However, more promotion and research are needed to effectively reach deprived and hard-to-reach groups. Understanding the role of community pharmacies in preventing CVD in minority ethnic groups, including barriers and facilitators, is essential to improve their use in meeting this inequity. The objective of this review is to review the published literature to understand the potential role of community pharmacy in the prevention of CVD in minority ethnic groups, including barriers and facilitators.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive literature search of Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web Of Science and The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature to identify published primary studies reporting on the role of community pharmacy in the prevention of CVD in minority ethnic groups including barriers and facilitators will be conducted (conducted 30 September 2024-2 October 2024). Backward and forward citation tracking will be conducted to identify further studies of relevance. Additionally, OpenGrey and Google Scholar searches will be conducted to identify unpublished studies. The mixed methods appraisal tool will be employed to assess study quality. Data will be extracted using a piloted data extraction form, adapted from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence evidence table for qualitative studies. Reporting will be in line with enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ) guidelines.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required for systematic reviews of published literature. The review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings of this review will be combined with those of the future research and will be disseminated as guidance for members of ethnic minority groups and as recommendations for healthcare professionals and policy makers.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024579766.",

keywords = "Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention \& control, Community Pharmacy Services/organization \& administration, Ethnicity, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Minority Groups, Research Design, Systematic Reviews as Topic, United Kingdom",

author = "Duley, \{Rumanveer Singh\} and Birdi, \{Gurkiran Kaur\} and Joseph Bush and Derek Connolly and Ahmad Shoaib and Ian Maidment",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Published by BMJ Group. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",

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doi = "10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094168",

language = "English",

volume = "15",

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issn = "2044-6055",

publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",

number = "3",

}

Role of community pharmacy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in minority ethnic groups in the UK including barriers and facilitators: protocol for a mixed methods systematic review. / Duley, Rumanveer Singh; Birdi, Gurkiran Kaur; Bush, Joseph et al.
In: BMJ Open, Vol. 15, No. 3, e094168, 24.03.2025.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Role of community pharmacy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in minority ethnic groups in the UK including barriers and facilitators: protocol for a mixed methods systematic review

AU - Duley, Rumanveer Singh

AU - Birdi, Gurkiran Kaur

AU - Bush, Joseph

AU - Connolly, Derek

AU - Shoaib, Ahmad

AU - Maidment, Ian

N1 - Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Published by BMJ Group. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

PY - 2025/3/24

Y1 - 2025/3/24

N2 - INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major public health issue in the United Kingdom (UK) and disproportionately affects minority ethnic groups who face higher rates of CVD, necessitating targeted interventions to address their specific health needs. Community pharmacies are accessible healthcare hubs that could address CVD and associated health inequalities. However, more promotion and research are needed to effectively reach deprived and hard-to-reach groups. Understanding the role of community pharmacies in preventing CVD in minority ethnic groups, including barriers and facilitators, is essential to improve their use in meeting this inequity. The objective of this review is to review the published literature to understand the potential role of community pharmacy in the prevention of CVD in minority ethnic groups, including barriers and facilitators.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive literature search of Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web Of Science and The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature to identify published primary studies reporting on the role of community pharmacy in the prevention of CVD in minority ethnic groups including barriers and facilitators will be conducted (conducted 30 September 2024-2 October 2024). Backward and forward citation tracking will be conducted to identify further studies of relevance. Additionally, OpenGrey and Google Scholar searches will be conducted to identify unpublished studies. The mixed methods appraisal tool will be employed to assess study quality. Data will be extracted using a piloted data extraction form, adapted from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence evidence table for qualitative studies. Reporting will be in line with enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ) guidelines.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required for systematic reviews of published literature. The review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings of this review will be combined with those of the future research and will be disseminated as guidance for members of ethnic minority groups and as recommendations for healthcare professionals and policy makers.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024579766.

AB - INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major public health issue in the United Kingdom (UK) and disproportionately affects minority ethnic groups who face higher rates of CVD, necessitating targeted interventions to address their specific health needs. Community pharmacies are accessible healthcare hubs that could address CVD and associated health inequalities. However, more promotion and research are needed to effectively reach deprived and hard-to-reach groups. Understanding the role of community pharmacies in preventing CVD in minority ethnic groups, including barriers and facilitators, is essential to improve their use in meeting this inequity. The objective of this review is to review the published literature to understand the potential role of community pharmacy in the prevention of CVD in minority ethnic groups, including barriers and facilitators.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive literature search of Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web Of Science and The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature to identify published primary studies reporting on the role of community pharmacy in the prevention of CVD in minority ethnic groups including barriers and facilitators will be conducted (conducted 30 September 2024-2 October 2024). Backward and forward citation tracking will be conducted to identify further studies of relevance. Additionally, OpenGrey and Google Scholar searches will be conducted to identify unpublished studies. The mixed methods appraisal tool will be employed to assess study quality. Data will be extracted using a piloted data extraction form, adapted from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence evidence table for qualitative studies. Reporting will be in line with enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ) guidelines.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required for systematic reviews of published literature. The review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings of this review will be combined with those of the future research and will be disseminated as guidance for members of ethnic minority groups and as recommendations for healthcare professionals and policy makers.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024579766.

KW - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control

KW - Community Pharmacy Services/organization & administration

KW - Ethnicity

KW - Health Services Accessibility

KW - Humans

KW - Minority Groups

KW - Research Design

KW - Systematic Reviews as Topic

KW - United Kingdom

UR - https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e094168

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105001359212

U2 - 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094168

DO - 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094168

M3 - Article

C2 - 40132814

SN - 2044-6055

VL - 15

JO - BMJ Open

JF - BMJ Open

IS - 3

M1 - e094168

ER -

Role of community pharmacy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in minority ethnic groups in the UK including barriers and facilitators: protocol for a mixed methods systematic review

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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Role of community pharmacy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in minority ethnic groups in the UK including barriers and facilitators: a mixed-methods systematic review

Cite this