Shape Optimization of Wideband Antennas for Microwave Energy Harvesters Using FDTD

This paper presents parameter and topology optimizations of wideband antennas for microwave energy harvesters based on finite difference time-domain computations. The antenna shapes are optimized to reduce return losses in a specific frequency band using micro-genetic algorithm. The shape parameters of a two-arm planar spiral antenna are optimized. In addition, the topology optimization is performed using normalized Gaussian network, where spatial symmetries are assumed. It is shown that the return losses of the optimized antennas are <−10 dB from 1 to 2 GHz in which they have isotropic directivity.