TY - JOUR
T1 - Structural health monitoring of a footbridge using Echo State Networks and NARMAX
AU - Wootton, A.J.
AU - Butcher, J.B.
AU - Kyriacou, T.
AU - Day, C.R.
AU - Haycock, P.W.
N1 - © 2017, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
PY - 2017/9/1
Y1 - 2017/9/1
N2 - Echo State Networks (ESNs) and a Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Moving Average model with eXogenous inputs (NARMAX) have been applied to multi-sensor time-series data arising from a test footbridge which has been subjected to multiple potentially damaging interventions. The aim of the work was to automatically classify known potentially damaging events, while also allowing engineers to observe and localise any long term damage trends. The techniques reported here used data from ten temperature sensors as inputs and were tasked with predicting the output signal from eight tilt sensors embedded at various points over the bridge. Initially, interventions were identified by both ESNs and NARMAX. In addition, training ESNs using data up to the first event, and determining the ESNs’ subsequent predictions, allowed inferences to be made not only about when and where the interventions occurred, but also the level of damage caused, without requiring any prior data pre-processing or extrapolation. Finally, ESNs were successfully used as classifiers to characterise various different types of intervention that had taken place.
AB - Echo State Networks (ESNs) and a Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Moving Average model with eXogenous inputs (NARMAX) have been applied to multi-sensor time-series data arising from a test footbridge which has been subjected to multiple potentially damaging interventions. The aim of the work was to automatically classify known potentially damaging events, while also allowing engineers to observe and localise any long term damage trends. The techniques reported here used data from ten temperature sensors as inputs and were tasked with predicting the output signal from eight tilt sensors embedded at various points over the bridge. Initially, interventions were identified by both ESNs and NARMAX. In addition, training ESNs using data up to the first event, and determining the ESNs’ subsequent predictions, allowed inferences to be made not only about when and where the interventions occurred, but also the level of damage caused, without requiring any prior data pre-processing or extrapolation. Finally, ESNs were successfully used as classifiers to characterise various different types of intervention that had taken place.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85021693244&partnerID=MN8TOARS
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952197617301082?via%3Dihub
U2 - 10.1016/j.engappai.2017.05.014
DO - 10.1016/j.engappai.2017.05.014
M3 - Article
SN - 0952-1976
VL - 64
SP - 152
EP - 163
JO - Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
JF - Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
ER -