Synthetic strategies to nanostructured photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction to solar fuels and chemicals

Artificial photosynthesis represents one of the great scientific challenges of the 21^st century, offering the possibility of clean energy through water photolysis and renewable chemicals through CO₂ utilisation as a sustainable feedstock. Catalysis will undoubtedly play a key role in delivering technologies able to meet these goals, mediating solar energy via excited generate charge carriers to selectively activate molecular bonds under ambient conditions. This review describes recent synthetic approaches adopted to engineer nanostructured photocatalytic materials for efficient light harnessing, charge separation and the photoreduction of CO₂ to higher hydrocarbons such as methane, methanol and even olefins.