The effect of blueberry interventions on cognitive performance and mood: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Nikolaj Travica, Nathan M. D'Cunha, Nenad Naumovski, Katherine Kent, Duane D. Mellor, Joseph Firth, Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou, Olivia M. Dean, Amy Loughman, Felice Jacka, Wolfgang Marx*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Blueberries are rich in polyphenols that may be beneficial to cognitive performance and mood. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of blueberries and blueberry products on measures of cognition and mood. In total, eleven articles (that included 12 studies) were identified using freeze-dried blueberries (n = 9 studies), whole blueberries (n = 2) and blueberry concentrate (n = 1). These studies were conducted in children (n = 5), young adults (n = 1), and older people with either no known cognitive impairment (n = 4) or indicated cognitive impairment (n = 2). Eight studies reported blueberry consumption or supplementation at various doses and time lengths to improve measures of cognitive performance, particularly short- and long-term memory and spatial memory. For mood, one study reported significant between-group improvements in positive affect from blueberry products, whereas four studies reported no improvement. Low risk of bias were observed across all studies. Based on the current evidence, blueberries may improve some measures of cognitive performance. However, considerable differences in study design, dosages, and anthocyanin content hinder between-study comparison. The use of standardized blueberry interventions, consideration of placebo formulations, and consistently reported cognitive performance tools are recommended in future trials. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018100888.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)96-105
Number of pages10
JournalBrain, Behavior, and Immunity
Volume85
Early online date15 Apr 2019
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Mar 2020

Bibliographical note

© 2019, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Keywords

  • Anthocyanins
  • Blueberry
  • Cognition
  • Flavonoid
  • Human
  • Intervention
  • Mood
  • Nutraceuticals
  • Polyphenol

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