The fall and rise of tear albumin levels: a multifactorial phenomenon

Gunilla Runström, Aisling Mann, Brian Tighe

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Albumin in tears is used as a diagnostic marker of ocular insult and inflammation, but whether its presence in tears is responsive or part of an adaptive reaction remains unresolved. A review of the literature on tear albumin concentration emphasizes that variables such as collection method, stimulus, assay technique, and disease state influence the quoted values to different extents. Influence of assay technique is negligible in comparison to variation in sampling conditions. Ocular disease increases albumin concentrations but not in a specific manner. The literature review also highlighted that little systematic research has been carried out on the daily cycle of tear albumin levels. In order to remedy this shortcoming, we investigated variations in tear albumin concentration during the waking day. The concentration of albumin in 400 tear samples collected from 13 subjects was assessed at 2-hourly intervals throughout the waking day. Highest daytime albumin concentrations were obtained within 10 minutes of waking, with a mean concentration of >50 ± 22 µg/ml. Albumin levels were at their lowest, but most consistent, 2-6 hours post-waking. This pattern was followed by a progressive increase in albumin concentration during the latter part of the day. Although individual subject-to-subject concentration differences were observed, this distinctive pattern of diurnal variation was found in all subjects. The results presented suggest a regulated, not random, pattern of variation within the period of study.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)165–180
Number of pages16
JournalOcular Surface
Volume11
Issue number3
Early online date1 May 2013
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2013

Keywords

  • albumin
  • biomarker
  • diurnal shift
  • mucosal fluids
  • tear composition
  • tear sampling
  • vascular permeability

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