The most sustainable-resilient IoT providers unveiled through groundbreaking RTS technology

Despite the immense importance of digital technologies, there has been a noticeable lack of attention to designing and implementing new evaluation models and frameworks for assessing their providers. To address this gap, an advanced Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model is developed to account for changes in both input and output variables. The developed model incorporates the Directional Distance Function (DDF) and non-radial efficiency functions, enabling more precise evaluations of Internet of Things (IoT) providers. Additionally, it classifies providers into three distinct categories: Pareto-efficient, weak-efficient, and inefficient, offering a clearer assessment of their overall efficiency. Overall, the model provides a unique and comprehensive framework for evaluating the sustainability and resilience of IoT providers. The sustainability and resilience of IoT providers are evaluated through the development of a novel analytical model. Based on the DDF, proportional inputs and outputs are considered within the DEA framework. A variety of data types, including integers and ratios, are integrated into hybrid returns to scale (HRS) technology. For the first time, directional distance and non-radial efficiency functions are incorporated into HRS technology. The proposed model can classify IoT providers into three categories: Pareto-efficient, weak-efficient, and inefficient.