The Proximate and Ultimate Composition of Pulverised Coconut Shell

Biomass is gaining traction as a renewable energy source as it plays a significant role in global green transition. Authors believe coconut shells have a huge potential comparable to wood and sawdust in burning appliances. However, the use of coconut shells in the combustion industry is still limited due to limited studies and uncommon practices. Therefore, we expect the properties analysis of coconut shells to highlight their advantages as a fuel. The coconut shell residues were collected, dried, purified, crushed, and ground to obtain in pulverized form. Then, the sample of pulverized coconut shell underwent the proximate and ultimate analysis based on standard needs (ASTM E871, E872, and D1102). The results were compared with those of various other fuel types for a comprehensive analysis. This comparison found that coconut shells have significant potential as a fuel due to their low moisture and ash content, which contribute to higher heating values. Furthermore, Malaysia sustainably sources coconut shells.