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The State of the Art in Deep Learning Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects: A Comprehensive Review of Flood Forecasting and Management

  • Vijendra Kumar
  • , Hazi Md. Azamathulla
  • , Kul Vaibhav Sharma
  • , Darshan J. Mehta
  • , Kiran Tota Maharaj
  • Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
  • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, St. Augustine Campus, The University of West Indies, St. Augustine P.O. Box 331310, Trinidad and Tobago
  • Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. S & S. S. Ghandhy Government Engineering College, Surat 395008, Gujarat, India

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Abstract

Floods are a devastating natural calamity that may seriously harm both infrastructure and people. Accurate flood forecasts and control are essential to lessen these effects and safeguard populations. By utilizing its capacity to handle massive amounts of data and provide accurate forecasts, deep learning has emerged as a potent tool for improving flood prediction and control. The current state of deep learning applications in flood forecasting and management is thoroughly reviewed in this work. The review discusses a variety of subjects, such as the data sources utilized, the deep learning models used, and the assessment measures adopted to judge their efficacy. It assesses current approaches critically and points out their advantages and disadvantages. The article also examines challenges with data accessibility, the interpretability of deep learning models, and ethical considerations in flood prediction. The report also describes potential directions for deep-learning research to enhance flood predictions and control. Incorporating uncertainty estimates into forecasts, integrating many data sources, developing hybrid models that mix deep learning with other methodologies, and enhancing the interpretability of deep learning models are a few of these. These research goals can help deep learning models become more precise and effective, which will result in better flood control plans and forecasts. Overall, this review is a useful resource for academics and professionals working on the topic of flood forecasting and management. By reviewing the current state of the art, emphasizing difficulties, and outlining potential areas for future study, it lays a solid basis. Communities may better prepare for and lessen the destructive effects of floods by implementing cutting-edge deep learning algorithms, thereby protecting people and infrastructure.
Original languageEnglish
Article number10543
Number of pages33
JournalSustainability
Volume15
Issue number13
Early online date4 Jul 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2023

Bibliographical note

Copyright © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  1. SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy
    SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

  • convolutional neural networks
  • deep learning
  • flood forecasting
  • flood management
  • recurrent neural networks

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