Serum α-tocopherol has a nonlinear inverse association with periodontitis among US adults

Geng Zong; Ann E. Scott; Helen R. Griffiths; Peter L. Zock; Thomas Dietrich; Rachel S. Newson

doi:10.3945/jn.114.203703

Serum α-tocopherol has a nonlinear inverse association with periodontitis among US adults

Geng Zong , Ann E. Scott, Helen R. Griffiths, Peter L. Zock , Thomas Dietrich, Rachel S. Newson^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Background: Previous experimental models suggest that vitamin E may ameliorate periodontitis. However, epidemiologic studies show inconsistent evidence in supporting this plausible association.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between serum α-tocopherol (αT) and γ-tocopherol (γT) and periodontitis in a large cross-sectional US population.

Methods: This study included 4708 participants in the 1999–2001 NHANES. Serum tocopherols were measured by HPLC and values were adjusted by total cholesterol (TC). Periodontal status was assessed by mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD). Total periodontitis (TPD) was defined as the sum of mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. All measurements were performed by NHANES.

Results: Means ± SDs of serum αT:TC ratio from low to high quartiles were 4.0 ± 0.4, 4.8 ± 0.2, 5.7 ± 0.4, and 9.1 ± 2.7 μmol/mmol. In multivariate regression models, αT:TC quartiles were inversely associated with mean CAL (P-trend = 0.06), mean PPD (P-trend < 0.001), and TPD (P-trend < 0.001) overall. Adjusted mean differences (95% CIs) between the first and fourth quartile of αT:TC were 0.12 mm (0.03, 0.20; P-difference = 0.005) for mean CAL and 0.12 mm (0.06, 0.17; P < 0.001) for mean PPD, whereas corresponding OR for TPD was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.16; P-difference = 0.001). In a dose-response analysis, a clear inverse association between αT:TC and mean CAL, mean PPD, and TPD was observed among participants with relatively low αT:TC. No differences were seen in participants with higher αT:TC ratios. Participants with γT:TC ratio in the interquartile range showed a significantly lower mean PPD than those in the highest quartile.

Conclusions: A nonlinear inverse association was observed between serum αT and severity of periodontitis, which was restricted to adults with normal but relatively low αT status. These findings warrant further confirmation in longitudinal or intervention settings.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	893-899
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of Nutrition
Volume	145
Issue number	5
Early online date	11 Feb 2015
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.203703
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2015

Bibliographical note

Funding: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontal Inflammatory Disease (RAPID) grant 290246, 7th framework program of the European Union.

Supplemental Table 1 is available from the “Online Supporting Material” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at http://jn.nutrition.org.

Keywords

clinical attachment loss
periodontitis
probing pocket depth
α-tocopherol
γ-tocopherol

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@article{b32c6c5ea3cb4e0db46aa0a963e707d9,

title = "Serum α-tocopherol has a nonlinear inverse association with periodontitis among US adults",

abstract = "Background: Previous experimental models suggest that vitamin E may ameliorate periodontitis. However, epidemiologic studies show inconsistent evidence in supporting this plausible association. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between serum α-tocopherol (αT) and γ-tocopherol (γT) and periodontitis in a large cross-sectional US population. Methods: This study included 4708 participants in the 1999–2001 NHANES. Serum tocopherols were measured by HPLC and values were adjusted by total cholesterol (TC). Periodontal status was assessed by mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD). Total periodontitis (TPD) was defined as the sum of mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. All measurements were performed by NHANES. Results: Means ± SDs of serum αT:TC ratio from low to high quartiles were 4.0 ± 0.4, 4.8 ± 0.2, 5.7 ± 0.4, and 9.1 ± 2.7 μmol/mmol. In multivariate regression models, αT:TC quartiles were inversely associated with mean CAL (P-trend = 0.06), mean PPD (P-trend < 0.001), and TPD (P-trend < 0.001) overall. Adjusted mean differences (95% CIs) between the first and fourth quartile of αT:TC were 0.12 mm (0.03, 0.20; P-difference = 0.005) for mean CAL and 0.12 mm (0.06, 0.17; P < 0.001) for mean PPD, whereas corresponding OR for TPD was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.16; P-difference = 0.001). In a dose-response analysis, a clear inverse association between αT:TC and mean CAL, mean PPD, and TPD was observed among participants with relatively low αT:TC. No differences were seen in participants with higher αT:TC ratios. Participants with γT:TC ratio in the interquartile range showed a significantly lower mean PPD than those in the highest quartile. Conclusions: A nonlinear inverse association was observed between serum αT and severity of periodontitis, which was restricted to adults with normal but relatively low αT status. These findings warrant further confirmation in longitudinal or intervention settings. ",

keywords = "clinical attachment loss, periodontitis, probing pocket depth, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol",

author = "Geng Zong and Scott, {Ann E.} and Griffiths, {Helen R.} and Zock, {Peter L.} and Thomas Dietrich and Newson, {Rachel S.}",

note = "Funding: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontal Inflammatory Disease (RAPID) grant 290246, 7th framework program of the European Union. Supplemental Table 1 is available from the “Online Supporting Material” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at http://jn.nutrition.org. ",

year = "2015",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3945/jn.114.203703",

language = "English",

volume = "145",

pages = "893--899",

journal = "Journal of Nutrition",

issn = "0022-3166",

publisher = "American Society for Nutrition",

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T1 - Serum α-tocopherol has a nonlinear inverse association with periodontitis among US adults

AU - Zong , Geng

AU - Scott, Ann E.

AU - Griffiths, Helen R.

AU - Zock , Peter L.

AU - Dietrich, Thomas

AU - Newson, Rachel S.

N1 - Funding: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontal Inflammatory Disease (RAPID) grant 290246, 7th framework program of the European Union. Supplemental Table 1 is available from the “Online Supporting Material” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at http://jn.nutrition.org.

PY - 2015/5/1

Y1 - 2015/5/1

N2 - Background: Previous experimental models suggest that vitamin E may ameliorate periodontitis. However, epidemiologic studies show inconsistent evidence in supporting this plausible association. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between serum α-tocopherol (αT) and γ-tocopherol (γT) and periodontitis in a large cross-sectional US population. Methods: This study included 4708 participants in the 1999–2001 NHANES. Serum tocopherols were measured by HPLC and values were adjusted by total cholesterol (TC). Periodontal status was assessed by mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD). Total periodontitis (TPD) was defined as the sum of mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. All measurements were performed by NHANES. Results: Means ± SDs of serum αT:TC ratio from low to high quartiles were 4.0 ± 0.4, 4.8 ± 0.2, 5.7 ± 0.4, and 9.1 ± 2.7 μmol/mmol. In multivariate regression models, αT:TC quartiles were inversely associated with mean CAL (P-trend = 0.06), mean PPD (P-trend < 0.001), and TPD (P-trend < 0.001) overall. Adjusted mean differences (95% CIs) between the first and fourth quartile of αT:TC were 0.12 mm (0.03, 0.20; P-difference = 0.005) for mean CAL and 0.12 mm (0.06, 0.17; P < 0.001) for mean PPD, whereas corresponding OR for TPD was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.16; P-difference = 0.001). In a dose-response analysis, a clear inverse association between αT:TC and mean CAL, mean PPD, and TPD was observed among participants with relatively low αT:TC. No differences were seen in participants with higher αT:TC ratios. Participants with γT:TC ratio in the interquartile range showed a significantly lower mean PPD than those in the highest quartile. Conclusions: A nonlinear inverse association was observed between serum αT and severity of periodontitis, which was restricted to adults with normal but relatively low αT status. These findings warrant further confirmation in longitudinal or intervention settings.

AB - Background: Previous experimental models suggest that vitamin E may ameliorate periodontitis. However, epidemiologic studies show inconsistent evidence in supporting this plausible association. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between serum α-tocopherol (αT) and γ-tocopherol (γT) and periodontitis in a large cross-sectional US population. Methods: This study included 4708 participants in the 1999–2001 NHANES. Serum tocopherols were measured by HPLC and values were adjusted by total cholesterol (TC). Periodontal status was assessed by mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD). Total periodontitis (TPD) was defined as the sum of mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. All measurements were performed by NHANES. Results: Means ± SDs of serum αT:TC ratio from low to high quartiles were 4.0 ± 0.4, 4.8 ± 0.2, 5.7 ± 0.4, and 9.1 ± 2.7 μmol/mmol. In multivariate regression models, αT:TC quartiles were inversely associated with mean CAL (P-trend = 0.06), mean PPD (P-trend < 0.001), and TPD (P-trend < 0.001) overall. Adjusted mean differences (95% CIs) between the first and fourth quartile of αT:TC were 0.12 mm (0.03, 0.20; P-difference = 0.005) for mean CAL and 0.12 mm (0.06, 0.17; P < 0.001) for mean PPD, whereas corresponding OR for TPD was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.16; P-difference = 0.001). In a dose-response analysis, a clear inverse association between αT:TC and mean CAL, mean PPD, and TPD was observed among participants with relatively low αT:TC. No differences were seen in participants with higher αT:TC ratios. Participants with γT:TC ratio in the interquartile range showed a significantly lower mean PPD than those in the highest quartile. Conclusions: A nonlinear inverse association was observed between serum αT and severity of periodontitis, which was restricted to adults with normal but relatively low αT status. These findings warrant further confirmation in longitudinal or intervention settings.

KW - clinical attachment loss

KW - periodontitis

KW - probing pocket depth

KW - α-tocopherol

KW - γ-tocopherol

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U2 - 10.3945/jn.114.203703

DO - 10.3945/jn.114.203703

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SP - 893

EP - 899

JO - Journal of Nutrition

JF - Journal of Nutrition

IS - 5

ER -

Serum α-tocopherol has a nonlinear inverse association with periodontitis among US adults

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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