Engineering & Materials Science
Fibers
100%
Semiconductor optical amplifiers
80%
Wavelength
79%
Amplification
66%
Regenerators
57%
Optical frequency conversion
51%
Compensation and Redress
49%
Wavelength division multiplexing
48%
Four wave mixing
48%
Optical phase conjugation
46%
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
42%
Pumps
41%
Quadrature phase shift keying
41%
Multiplexing
36%
Fiber optic networks
35%
Modulation
35%
Service oriented architecture (SOA)
35%
Demonstrations
32%
Phase modulation
31%
Quadrature amplitude modulation
25%
Physical layer
24%
Nonlinear distortion
23%
Equalizers
23%
Optical fibers
21%
Group delay
21%
Lasers
19%
Self phase modulation
19%
Transfer functions
19%
Optical switches
19%
Recovery
19%
Neural networks
18%
Optical communication
17%
Fiber optics
16%
Phase shift
16%
Polarization
16%
Communication systems
15%
Optical parametric amplifiers
13%
Multimode fibers
13%
Digital signal processing
12%
Phase noise
12%
Mirrors
12%
Optical feedback
12%
Switching networks
12%
Light amplifiers
12%
Amplitude shift keying
11%
Backpropagation
11%
Ring lasers
10%
Continuous wave lasers
10%
Optical fiber communication
10%
Transparency
10%
Physics & Astronomy
regeneration
74%
fibers
48%
light amplifiers
46%
amplifiers
42%
performance
41%
quadrature amplitude modulation
38%
regenerators
37%
binary phase shift keying
36%
multiplexing
32%
pumps
30%
receivers
27%
phase conjugation
27%
quadrature phase shift keying
26%
wavelengths
25%
boxes
21%
impairment
19%
signal processing
19%
recovery
19%
nonlinearity
19%
modulation
19%
retarding
18%
transfer functions
18%
four-wave mixing
17%
phase modulation
16%
penalties
15%
injection locking
14%
constellations
14%
quantum dots
13%
communication
12%
format
12%
parametric amplifiers
12%
synchronism
12%
filters
12%
lasers
11%
optical communication
11%
mirrors
11%
switches
10%
fiber optics
9%
costs
9%
phase shift
9%
machine learning
9%
polarization
9%
signal transmission
8%
idlers
8%
telecommunication
8%
continuous spectra
8%
coding
8%
decoding
8%