TY - JOUR
T1 - An overview of Total Factor Productivity estimations adjusted for pollutant outputs
T2 - an application to sugarcane farming
AU - Mulwa, Richard
AU - Emrouznejad, Ali
AU - Nuppenau, Ernst-August
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - The conventional Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement does not incorporate the effects of undesirable outputs, which are harmful to the environment. Using sugarcane farming in Kenya, this paper illustrates the differences between the conventional Malmquist index measures where the environment variable is not adjusted and environment-adjusted measures using both hyperbolic and directional distance functions. The mean TFP change estimates for the conventional Malmquist index, adjusted hyperbolic index and Luenberger indicator were 3.13%, 0.11% and 2.21%, respectively. The conventional non-adjusted measure lies between the two adjusted measures of hyperbolic index and Luenberger indicator.
AB - The conventional Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement does not incorporate the effects of undesirable outputs, which are harmful to the environment. Using sugarcane farming in Kenya, this paper illustrates the differences between the conventional Malmquist index measures where the environment variable is not adjusted and environment-adjusted measures using both hyperbolic and directional distance functions. The mean TFP change estimates for the conventional Malmquist index, adjusted hyperbolic index and Luenberger indicator were 3.13%, 0.11% and 2.21%, respectively. The conventional non-adjusted measure lies between the two adjusted measures of hyperbolic index and Luenberger indicator.
KW - environmental efficiency
KW - Malmquist index
KW - hyperbolic distances
KW - directional distances
KW - strong and weak disposability
KW - sugarcane farming
KW - undesirable outputs
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84857211534&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.inderscience.com/storage/f147102121139658.pdf
U2 - 10.1504/IJETM.2012.045143
DO - 10.1504/IJETM.2012.045143
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84857211534
SN - 1466-2132
VL - 15
SP - 1
EP - 15
JO - International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management
JF - International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management
IS - 1
ER -