Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children

Valldeflors Vinuela-Navarro; Jonathan T Erichsen; Cathy Williams; J Margaret Woodhouse

doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000001090

Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children

Valldeflors Vinuela-Navarro, Jonathan T Erichsen, Cathy Williams, J Margaret Woodhouse

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study presents a two-degree customized animated stimulus developed to evaluate smooth pursuit in children and investigates the effect of its predetermined characteristics (stimulus type and size) in an adult population. Then, the animated stimulus is used to evaluate the impact of different pursuit motion paradigms in children.

METHODS: To study the effect of animating a stimulus, eye movement recordings were obtained from 20 young adults while the customized animated stimulus and a standard dot stimulus were presented moving horizontally at a constant velocity. To study the effect of using a larger stimulus size, eye movement recordings were obtained from 10 young adults while presenting a standard dot stimulus of different size (1° and 2°) moving horizontally at a constant velocity. Finally, eye movement recordings were obtained from 12 children while the 2° customized animated stimulus was presented after three different smooth pursuit motion paradigms. Performance parameters, including gains and number of saccades, were calculated for each stimulus condition.

RESULTS: The animated stimulus produced in young adults significantly higher velocity gain (mean: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90-0.96; P = .014), position gain (0.93; 0.85-1; P = .025), proportion of smooth pursuit (0.94; 0.91-0.96, P = .002), and fewer saccades (5.30; 3.64-6.96, P = .008) than a standard dot (velocity gain: 0.87; 0.82-0.92; position gain: 0.82; 0.72-0.92; proportion smooth pursuit: 0.87; 0.83-0.90; number of saccades: 7.75; 5.30-10.46). In contrast, changing the size of a standard dot stimulus from 1° to 2° did not have an effect on smooth pursuit in young adults (P > .05). Finally, smooth pursuit performance did not significantly differ in children for the different motion paradigms when using the animated stimulus (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS: Attention-grabbing and more dynamic stimuli, such as the developed animated stimulus, might potentially be useful for eye movement research. Finally, with such stimuli, children perform equally well irrespective of the motion paradigm used.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	760-769
Number of pages	10
Journal	Optometry and Vision Science
Volume	94
Issue number	7
Early online date	1 Jul 2017
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001090
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2017

Bibliographical note

This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children
Vinuela-Navarro, V., Erichsen, J. T., Williams, C. & Woodhouse, J. M. 1 Jul 2017 In : Optometry and Vision Science. 94, 7, p. 760-769 10 p. http://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001090

Funding: The College of Optometrists, UK

Keywords

Adolescent
Adult
Child
Child, Preschool
Eye Movements
Female
Generalization, Stimulus
Humans
Male
Motion Perception
Pursuit, Smooth
Saccades
Young Adult
Comparative Study
Journal Article

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10.1097/OPX.0000000000001090

Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children
This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children Vinuela-Navarro, V., Erichsen, J. T., Williams, C. & Woodhouse, J. M. 1 Jul 2017 In : Optometry and Vision Science. 94, 7, p. 760-769 10 p. http://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001090
Accepted author manuscript, 617 KB

http://orca.cf.ac.uk/id/eprint/100682

Cite this

@article{65c26ca6335c43c0b13e1d0635db0724,

title = "Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children",

abstract = "PURPOSE: This study presents a two-degree customized animated stimulus developed to evaluate smooth pursuit in children and investigates the effect of its predetermined characteristics (stimulus type and size) in an adult population. Then, the animated stimulus is used to evaluate the impact of different pursuit motion paradigms in children.METHODS: To study the effect of animating a stimulus, eye movement recordings were obtained from 20 young adults while the customized animated stimulus and a standard dot stimulus were presented moving horizontally at a constant velocity. To study the effect of using a larger stimulus size, eye movement recordings were obtained from 10 young adults while presenting a standard dot stimulus of different size (1° and 2°) moving horizontally at a constant velocity. Finally, eye movement recordings were obtained from 12 children while the 2° customized animated stimulus was presented after three different smooth pursuit motion paradigms. Performance parameters, including gains and number of saccades, were calculated for each stimulus condition.RESULTS: The animated stimulus produced in young adults significantly higher velocity gain (mean: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90-0.96; P = .014), position gain (0.93; 0.85-1; P = .025), proportion of smooth pursuit (0.94; 0.91-0.96, P = .002), and fewer saccades (5.30; 3.64-6.96, P = .008) than a standard dot (velocity gain: 0.87; 0.82-0.92; position gain: 0.82; 0.72-0.92; proportion smooth pursuit: 0.87; 0.83-0.90; number of saccades: 7.75; 5.30-10.46). In contrast, changing the size of a standard dot stimulus from 1° to 2° did not have an effect on smooth pursuit in young adults (P > .05). Finally, smooth pursuit performance did not significantly differ in children for the different motion paradigms when using the animated stimulus (P > .05).CONCLUSIONS: Attention-grabbing and more dynamic stimuli, such as the developed animated stimulus, might potentially be useful for eye movement research. Finally, with such stimuli, children perform equally well irrespective of the motion paradigm used.",

keywords = "Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Eye Movements, Female, Generalization, Stimulus, Humans, Male, Motion Perception, Pursuit, Smooth, Saccades, Young Adult, Comparative Study, Journal Article",

author = "Valldeflors Vinuela-Navarro and Erichsen, {Jonathan T} and Cathy Williams and Woodhouse, {J Margaret}",

note = "This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children Vinuela-Navarro, V., Erichsen, J. T., Williams, C. & Woodhouse, J. M. 1 Jul 2017 In : Optometry and Vision Science. 94, 7, p. 760-769 10 p. http://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001090 Funding: The College of Optometrists, UK",

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doi = "10.1097/OPX.0000000000001090",

language = "English",

volume = "94",

pages = "760--769",

journal = "Optometry and Vision Science",

issn = "1040-5488",

publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",

number = "7",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children

AU - Vinuela-Navarro, Valldeflors

AU - Erichsen, Jonathan T

AU - Williams, Cathy

AU - Woodhouse, J Margaret

N1 - This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children Vinuela-Navarro, V., Erichsen, J. T., Williams, C. & Woodhouse, J. M. 1 Jul 2017 In : Optometry and Vision Science. 94, 7, p. 760-769 10 p. http://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001090 Funding: The College of Optometrists, UK

PY - 2017/7/1

Y1 - 2017/7/1

N2 - PURPOSE: This study presents a two-degree customized animated stimulus developed to evaluate smooth pursuit in children and investigates the effect of its predetermined characteristics (stimulus type and size) in an adult population. Then, the animated stimulus is used to evaluate the impact of different pursuit motion paradigms in children.METHODS: To study the effect of animating a stimulus, eye movement recordings were obtained from 20 young adults while the customized animated stimulus and a standard dot stimulus were presented moving horizontally at a constant velocity. To study the effect of using a larger stimulus size, eye movement recordings were obtained from 10 young adults while presenting a standard dot stimulus of different size (1° and 2°) moving horizontally at a constant velocity. Finally, eye movement recordings were obtained from 12 children while the 2° customized animated stimulus was presented after three different smooth pursuit motion paradigms. Performance parameters, including gains and number of saccades, were calculated for each stimulus condition.RESULTS: The animated stimulus produced in young adults significantly higher velocity gain (mean: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90-0.96; P = .014), position gain (0.93; 0.85-1; P = .025), proportion of smooth pursuit (0.94; 0.91-0.96, P = .002), and fewer saccades (5.30; 3.64-6.96, P = .008) than a standard dot (velocity gain: 0.87; 0.82-0.92; position gain: 0.82; 0.72-0.92; proportion smooth pursuit: 0.87; 0.83-0.90; number of saccades: 7.75; 5.30-10.46). In contrast, changing the size of a standard dot stimulus from 1° to 2° did not have an effect on smooth pursuit in young adults (P > .05). Finally, smooth pursuit performance did not significantly differ in children for the different motion paradigms when using the animated stimulus (P > .05).CONCLUSIONS: Attention-grabbing and more dynamic stimuli, such as the developed animated stimulus, might potentially be useful for eye movement research. Finally, with such stimuli, children perform equally well irrespective of the motion paradigm used.

AB - PURPOSE: This study presents a two-degree customized animated stimulus developed to evaluate smooth pursuit in children and investigates the effect of its predetermined characteristics (stimulus type and size) in an adult population. Then, the animated stimulus is used to evaluate the impact of different pursuit motion paradigms in children.METHODS: To study the effect of animating a stimulus, eye movement recordings were obtained from 20 young adults while the customized animated stimulus and a standard dot stimulus were presented moving horizontally at a constant velocity. To study the effect of using a larger stimulus size, eye movement recordings were obtained from 10 young adults while presenting a standard dot stimulus of different size (1° and 2°) moving horizontally at a constant velocity. Finally, eye movement recordings were obtained from 12 children while the 2° customized animated stimulus was presented after three different smooth pursuit motion paradigms. Performance parameters, including gains and number of saccades, were calculated for each stimulus condition.RESULTS: The animated stimulus produced in young adults significantly higher velocity gain (mean: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90-0.96; P = .014), position gain (0.93; 0.85-1; P = .025), proportion of smooth pursuit (0.94; 0.91-0.96, P = .002), and fewer saccades (5.30; 3.64-6.96, P = .008) than a standard dot (velocity gain: 0.87; 0.82-0.92; position gain: 0.82; 0.72-0.92; proportion smooth pursuit: 0.87; 0.83-0.90; number of saccades: 7.75; 5.30-10.46). In contrast, changing the size of a standard dot stimulus from 1° to 2° did not have an effect on smooth pursuit in young adults (P > .05). Finally, smooth pursuit performance did not significantly differ in children for the different motion paradigms when using the animated stimulus (P > .05).CONCLUSIONS: Attention-grabbing and more dynamic stimuli, such as the developed animated stimulus, might potentially be useful for eye movement research. Finally, with such stimuli, children perform equally well irrespective of the motion paradigm used.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Child

KW - Child, Preschool

KW - Eye Movements

KW - Female

KW - Generalization, Stimulus

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Motion Perception

KW - Pursuit, Smooth

KW - Saccades

KW - Young Adult

KW - Comparative Study

KW - Journal Article

U2 - 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001090

DO - 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001090

M3 - Article

C2 - 28609416

SN - 1040-5488

VL - 94

SP - 760

EP - 769

JO - Optometry and Vision Science

JF - Optometry and Vision Science

IS - 7

ER -

Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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