Prevalence of cognitive impairments and strengths in the early course of psychosis and depression

doi:10.1017/S0033291723001770

Prevalence of cognitive impairments and strengths in the early course of psychosis and depression

,

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Abstract

Background Studies investigating cognitive impairments in psychosis and depression have typically compared the average performance of the clinical group against healthy controls (HC), and do not report on the actual prevalence of cognitive impairments or strengths within these clinical groups. This information is essential so that clinical services can provide adequate resources to supporting cognitive functioning. Thus, we investigated this prevalence in individuals in the early course of psychosis or depression. Methods A comprehensive cognitive test battery comprising 12 tests was completed by 1286 individuals aged 15-41 (mean age 25.07, s.d. 5.88) from the PRONIA study at baseline: HC (N = 454), clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR; N = 270), recent-onset depression (ROD; N = 267), and recent-onset psychosis (ROP; N = 295). Z-scores were calculated to estimate the prevalence of moderate or severe deficits or strengths (>2 s.d. or 1-2 s.d. below or above HC, respectively) for each cognitive test. Results Impairment in at least two cognitive tests was as follows: ROP (88.3% moderately, 45.1% severely impaired), CHR (71.2% moderately, 22.4% severely impaired), ROD (61.6% moderately, 16.2% severely impaired). Across clinical groups, impairments were most prevalent in tests of working memory, processing speed, and verbal learning. Above average performance (>1 s.d.) in at least two tests was present for 40.5% ROD, 36.1% CHR, 16.1% ROP, and was >2 SDs in 1.8% ROD, 1.4% CHR, and 0% ROP. Conclusions These findings suggest that interventions should be tailored to the individual, with working memory, processing speed, and verbal learning likely to be important transdiagnostic targets.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5945-5957
Number of pages	13
Journal	Psychological Medicine
Volume	53
Issue number	13
Early online date	6 Jul 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291723001770
Publication status	Published - Oct 2023

Bibliographical note

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Funding Information: PRONIA is a Collaborative Project funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme under grant agreement n° 602152 Funding Information: CP: Participated on Advisory Boards for Janssen-Cilag, AstraZeneca, Lundbeck, and Servier. Received honoraria for talks presented at educational meetings organised by AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Lundbeck, and Shire. NK and RS: Received honoraria for talks presented at education meetings organised by Otsuka/Lundbeck. RU: Received grants from the Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research: Health Technology Assessment, European Commission – Research: The Seventh Framework Programme, and personal speaker fees from Sunovion, outside the submitted work. TL: Supported by the Koeln Fortune Program/Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne (Grant No. 370/2020). JW: Partly supported by the NARSAD Young Investigator Award of LK through the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (grant number 28474). KA: Supported by a Dame Kate Campbell Fellowship from the University of Melbourne.

Keywords

Mental health
verbal learning
processing speed
working memory
psychosis

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10.1017/S0033291723001770Licence: CC BY 4.0

Staintonetal_2023_VoR
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Final published version, 471 KBLicence: CC BY 4.0

Cite this

@article{34f8eacca2f54fbca81bb3413ff5ed6a,

title = "Prevalence of cognitive impairments and strengths in the early course of psychosis and depression",

abstract = "Background Studies investigating cognitive impairments in psychosis and depression have typically compared the average performance of the clinical group against healthy controls (HC), and do not report on the actual prevalence of cognitive impairments or strengths within these clinical groups. This information is essential so that clinical services can provide adequate resources to supporting cognitive functioning. Thus, we investigated this prevalence in individuals in the early course of psychosis or depression. Methods A comprehensive cognitive test battery comprising 12 tests was completed by 1286 individuals aged 15-41 (mean age 25.07, s.d. 5.88) from the PRONIA study at baseline: HC (N = 454), clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR; N = 270), recent-onset depression (ROD; N = 267), and recent-onset psychosis (ROP; N = 295). Z-scores were calculated to estimate the prevalence of moderate or severe deficits or strengths (>2 s.d. or 1-2 s.d. below or above HC, respectively) for each cognitive test. Results Impairment in at least two cognitive tests was as follows: ROP (88.3% moderately, 45.1% severely impaired), CHR (71.2% moderately, 22.4% severely impaired), ROD (61.6% moderately, 16.2% severely impaired). Across clinical groups, impairments were most prevalent in tests of working memory, processing speed, and verbal learning. Above average performance (>1 s.d.) in at least two tests was present for 40.5% ROD, 36.1% CHR, 16.1% ROP, and was >2 SDs in 1.8% ROD, 1.4% CHR, and 0% ROP. Conclusions These findings suggest that interventions should be tailored to the individual, with working memory, processing speed, and verbal learning likely to be important transdiagnostic targets.",

keywords = "Mental health, verbal learning, processing speed, working memory, psychosis",

author = "Alexandra Stainton and Katharine Chisholm and Griffiths, {Si{\^a}n Lowri} and Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic and Julian Wenzel and Carolina Bonivento and Paolo Brambilla and Mariam Iqbal and Lichtenstein, {Theresa K} and Marlene Rosen and Antonucci, {Linda A} and Eleonora Maggioni and Joseph Kambeitz and Stefan Borgwardt and Anita Riecher-R{\"o}ssler and Christina Andreou and Andr{\'e} Schmidt and Frauke Schultze-Lutter and Eva Meisenzahl and Stephan Ruhrmann and Salokangas, {Raimo K R} and Christos Pantelis and Rebekka Lencer and Georg Romer and Alessandro Bertolino and Rachel Upthegrove and Nikolaos Koutsouleris and Kelly Allott and Wood, {Stephen J}",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited. Funding Information: PRONIA is a Collaborative Project funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme under grant agreement n° 602152 Funding Information: CP: Participated on Advisory Boards for Janssen-Cilag, AstraZeneca, Lundbeck, and Servier. Received honoraria for talks presented at educational meetings organised by AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Lundbeck, and Shire. NK and RS: Received honoraria for talks presented at education meetings organised by Otsuka/Lundbeck. RU: Received grants from the Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research: Health Technology Assessment, European Commission – Research: The Seventh Framework Programme, and personal speaker fees from Sunovion, outside the submitted work. TL: Supported by the Koeln Fortune Program/Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne (Grant No. 370/2020). JW: Partly supported by the NARSAD Young Investigator Award of LK through the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (grant number 28474). KA: Supported by a Dame Kate Campbell Fellowship from the University of Melbourne.",

year = "2023",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1017/S0033291723001770",

language = "English",

volume = "53",

pages = "5945--5957",

journal = "Psychological Medicine",

issn = "0033-2917",

publisher = "Cambridge University Press",

number = "13",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Prevalence of cognitive impairments and strengths in the early course of psychosis and depression

AU - Stainton, Alexandra

AU - Chisholm, Katharine

AU - Griffiths, Siân Lowri

AU - Kambeitz-Ilankovic, Lana

AU - Wenzel, Julian

AU - Bonivento, Carolina

AU - Brambilla, Paolo

AU - Iqbal, Mariam

AU - Lichtenstein, Theresa K

AU - Rosen, Marlene

AU - Antonucci, Linda A

AU - Maggioni, Eleonora

AU - Kambeitz, Joseph

AU - Borgwardt, Stefan

AU - Riecher-Rössler, Anita

AU - Andreou, Christina

AU - Schmidt, André

AU - Schultze-Lutter, Frauke

AU - Meisenzahl, Eva

AU - Ruhrmann, Stephan

AU - Salokangas, Raimo K R

AU - Pantelis, Christos

AU - Lencer, Rebekka

AU - Romer, Georg

AU - Bertolino, Alessandro

AU - Upthegrove, Rachel

AU - Koutsouleris, Nikolaos

AU - Allott, Kelly

AU - Wood, Stephen J

N1 - Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited. Funding Information: PRONIA is a Collaborative Project funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme under grant agreement n° 602152 Funding Information: CP: Participated on Advisory Boards for Janssen-Cilag, AstraZeneca, Lundbeck, and Servier. Received honoraria for talks presented at educational meetings organised by AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Lundbeck, and Shire. NK and RS: Received honoraria for talks presented at education meetings organised by Otsuka/Lundbeck. RU: Received grants from the Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research: Health Technology Assessment, European Commission – Research: The Seventh Framework Programme, and personal speaker fees from Sunovion, outside the submitted work. TL: Supported by the Koeln Fortune Program/Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne (Grant No. 370/2020). JW: Partly supported by the NARSAD Young Investigator Award of LK through the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (grant number 28474). KA: Supported by a Dame Kate Campbell Fellowship from the University of Melbourne.

PY - 2023/10

Y1 - 2023/10

N2 - Background Studies investigating cognitive impairments in psychosis and depression have typically compared the average performance of the clinical group against healthy controls (HC), and do not report on the actual prevalence of cognitive impairments or strengths within these clinical groups. This information is essential so that clinical services can provide adequate resources to supporting cognitive functioning. Thus, we investigated this prevalence in individuals in the early course of psychosis or depression. Methods A comprehensive cognitive test battery comprising 12 tests was completed by 1286 individuals aged 15-41 (mean age 25.07, s.d. 5.88) from the PRONIA study at baseline: HC (N = 454), clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR; N = 270), recent-onset depression (ROD; N = 267), and recent-onset psychosis (ROP; N = 295). Z-scores were calculated to estimate the prevalence of moderate or severe deficits or strengths (>2 s.d. or 1-2 s.d. below or above HC, respectively) for each cognitive test. Results Impairment in at least two cognitive tests was as follows: ROP (88.3% moderately, 45.1% severely impaired), CHR (71.2% moderately, 22.4% severely impaired), ROD (61.6% moderately, 16.2% severely impaired). Across clinical groups, impairments were most prevalent in tests of working memory, processing speed, and verbal learning. Above average performance (>1 s.d.) in at least two tests was present for 40.5% ROD, 36.1% CHR, 16.1% ROP, and was >2 SDs in 1.8% ROD, 1.4% CHR, and 0% ROP. Conclusions These findings suggest that interventions should be tailored to the individual, with working memory, processing speed, and verbal learning likely to be important transdiagnostic targets.

AB - Background Studies investigating cognitive impairments in psychosis and depression have typically compared the average performance of the clinical group against healthy controls (HC), and do not report on the actual prevalence of cognitive impairments or strengths within these clinical groups. This information is essential so that clinical services can provide adequate resources to supporting cognitive functioning. Thus, we investigated this prevalence in individuals in the early course of psychosis or depression. Methods A comprehensive cognitive test battery comprising 12 tests was completed by 1286 individuals aged 15-41 (mean age 25.07, s.d. 5.88) from the PRONIA study at baseline: HC (N = 454), clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR; N = 270), recent-onset depression (ROD; N = 267), and recent-onset psychosis (ROP; N = 295). Z-scores were calculated to estimate the prevalence of moderate or severe deficits or strengths (>2 s.d. or 1-2 s.d. below or above HC, respectively) for each cognitive test. Results Impairment in at least two cognitive tests was as follows: ROP (88.3% moderately, 45.1% severely impaired), CHR (71.2% moderately, 22.4% severely impaired), ROD (61.6% moderately, 16.2% severely impaired). Across clinical groups, impairments were most prevalent in tests of working memory, processing speed, and verbal learning. Above average performance (>1 s.d.) in at least two tests was present for 40.5% ROD, 36.1% CHR, 16.1% ROP, and was >2 SDs in 1.8% ROD, 1.4% CHR, and 0% ROP. Conclusions These findings suggest that interventions should be tailored to the individual, with working memory, processing speed, and verbal learning likely to be important transdiagnostic targets.

KW - Mental health

KW - verbal learning

KW - processing speed

KW - working memory

KW - psychosis

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U2 - 10.1017/S0033291723001770

DO - 10.1017/S0033291723001770

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SN - 0033-2917

VL - 53

SP - 5945

EP - 5957

JO - Psychological Medicine

JF - Psychological Medicine

IS - 13

ER -

Prevalence of cognitive impairments and strengths in the early course of psychosis and depression

Abstract

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Keywords

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