Engineering & Materials Science
Acids
19%
Adsorption
10%
Amplification
17%
Bandwidth
13%
Biodiesel
14%
Biomass
27%
Block copolymers
11%
Blood
10%
Bragg gratings
15%
Carbon
11%
Carbon nanotubes
9%
Catalysts
32%
Chemical analysis
13%
Communication
11%
Compensation and Redress
10%
Composite materials
9%
Computer simulation
11%
Copolymers
10%
Costs
20%
Crystals
9%
Decision making
9%
Degradation
9%
Demonstrations
9%
Dispersion compensation
11%
Distributed feedback lasers
11%
Economics
11%
Electric potential
9%
Energy storage
8%
Engines
11%
Erbium
17%
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers
8%
Ethanol
9%
Experiments
17%
Fabrication
12%
Feedstocks
10%
Femtosecond lasers
17%
Fiber Bragg gratings
61%
Fiber lasers
63%
Fiber optics
10%
Fibers
100%
Gases
11%
Gasification
9%
Hot Temperature
18%
Hydrogels
11%
Hydrogen
11%
Industry
17%
Laser mode locking
10%
Laser modes
29%
Laser pulses
25%
Laser resonators
14%
Lasers
43%
Liquids
16%
Machine learning
9%
Membranes
12%
Mirrors
8%
Mode-locked fiber lasers
23%
Modulation
15%
Monitoring
15%
Multiplexing
8%
Nanoparticles
14%
Neural networks
14%
Oils
17%
Optical communication
10%
Optical fibers
30%
Optical phase conjugation
9%
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
10%
Oxidation
10%
Oxygen
9%
Pavements
10%
Photonics
14%
Plastic optical fibers
16%
Polarization
30%
Polymerization
11%
Polymers
24%
Pumps
16%
Pyrolysis
36%
Refractive index
20%
Renewable energy resources
8%
Ring lasers
8%
Saturable absorbers
9%
Semantics
11%
Semiconductor lasers
13%
Semiconductor optical amplifiers
8%
Sensors
28%
Silica
16%
Single mode fibers
11%
Solitons
37%
Spectroscopy
8%
Students
9%
Supply chains
12%
Sustainable development
8%
Temperature
31%
Tissue
15%
Tuning
8%
Ultrashort pulses
10%
Uncertainty
11%
Water
22%
Waveguides
10%
Wavelength
49%
Wavelength division multiplexing
23%
Physics & Astronomy
absorbers
7%
amplifiers
14%
bandwidth
10%
birefringence
5%
blood
5%
Bragg gratings
54%
broadband
7%
carbon nanotubes
7%
catalysts
7%
cavities
15%
characterization
9%
communication
6%
configurations
6%
crystals
7%
distributed feedback lasers
5%
division
7%
energy
7%
erbium
10%
fabrication
8%
fiber lasers
53%
fiber optics
9%
fibers
95%
filters
11%
format
5%
gratings
40%
interactions
6%
interrogation
7%
laser cavities
6%
lasers
36%
lasing
5%
learning
6%
light amplifiers
10%
liquids
7%
locking
7%
membranes
6%
mirrors
7%
modulation
10%
multiplexing
7%
nanoparticles
5%
nonlinearity
10%
optical communication
11%
optical fibers
35%
optimization
10%
output
10%
parametric amplifiers
5%
penalties
6%
performance
20%
phase conjugation
5%
photonics
14%
polarization
19%
polymers
19%
profiles
5%
pulses
31%
pumps
13%
quadrature amplitude modulation
6%
quadrature phase shift keying
6%
quantum dots
14%
radiation
5%
Raman lasers
9%
reflectance
5%
refractivity
13%
regeneration
7%
resonators
7%
ring lasers
5%
rings
6%
scattering
5%
semiconductor lasers
9%
sensitivity
12%
sensors
29%
signal processing
7%
silicon dioxide
8%
simulation
8%
solitary waves
25%
synthesis
6%
telecommunication
7%
temperature
9%
tuning
6%
vibration
6%
water
8%
waveguides
10%
wavelengths
26%
Chemistry
Acid
6%
Application
21%
Biodiesel
8%
Block Copolymer
5%
Carbon Atom
5%
Carbon Nanotube
5%
Catalyst
14%
Cladding
5%
Communication
6%
Composite Material
7%
Cooling
5%
Copolymer
6%
Dioxygen
5%
Energy
15%
Environment
7%
Error
5%
Fiber
73%
Filtration
5%
Flow
13%
Fuel
14%
Gas
8%
Gasification
7%
Hydrogel
6%
Length
8%
Liquid
9%
Liquid Film
6%
Mixture
7%
Nanoparticle
8%
Optical Communication
8%
Optical Phase Conjugation
5%
Polarization
13%
Porosity
6%
Pressure
8%
Pump
11%
Pyrolysis
11%
Quantum Dot
7%
Reaction Yield
6%
Reduction
6%
Refractive Index
10%
Semiconductor
9%
Shape
6%
Simulation
17%
Soliton
19%
Strain
9%
Strength
5%
Surface
14%
Time
13%
Volume
5%
Wave
11%
Wavelength
23%