Individual, Team, and Organizational Resilience: A Multi-Level Dynamic Relationship

There is a growing interest in why some individuals, teams, and organizations appear "resilient" to crises, particularly as a "new normal" emerges in which such events are more frequent. This chapter explores the nature of resilience at multiple levels, particularly individual, team, and organizational. The literature has developed in silos across multiple disciplines, resulting in a lack of consensus regarding the meaning of resilience within and across multiple levels. This presents challenges to the development of a useful evidence base. However, multi-level theory is emerging that recognises interconnections between individuals, teams, and organizations. This chapter explores how individuals, teams, and organizations might mutually contribute to each other's resilience as well as how entities might be resilient at the expense of others. This chapter advocates a systems-based approach to exploring the context that shapes resilience as a process across multiple levels.