Modification of proteins by reactive lipid oxidation products and biochemical effects of lipoxidation

Corinne Spickett*, Andrew Pitt

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Lipid oxidation results in the formation of many reactive products, such as small aldehydes, substituted alkenals, and cyclopentenone prostaglandins, which are all able to form covalent adducts with nucleophilic residues of proteins. This process is called lipoxidation, and the resulting adducts are called advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs), by analogy with the formation of advanced glycoxidation end products from oxidized sugars. Modification of proteins by reactive oxidized lipids leads to structural changes such as increased β-sheet conformation, which tends to result in amyloid-like structures and oligomerization, or unfolding and aggregation. Reaction with catalytic cysteines is often responsible for the loss of enzymatic activity in lipoxidized proteins, although inhibition may also occur through conformational changes at more distant sites affecting substrate binding or regulation. On the other hand, a few proteins are activated by lipoxidation-induced oligomerization or interactions, leading to increased downstream signalling. At the cellular level, it is clear that some proteins are much more susceptible to lipoxidation than others. ALEs affect cell metabolism, protein–protein interactions, protein turnover via the proteasome, and cell viability. Evidence is building that they play roles in both physiological and pathological situations, and inhibiting ALE formation can have beneficial effects.
Original languageEnglish
Article number9–31
Pages (from-to)19-31
Number of pages13
JournalEssays in Biochemistry
Volume64
Issue number1
Early online date23 Dec 2019
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 17 Feb 2020

Bibliographical note

© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.

Keywords

  • Lipid oxidation
  • cytoskeleton
  • lipoxidation
  • post translational modification
  • protein unfolding
  • redox signalling

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